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Wiki source code of 3.3 Control

Version 24.3 by Admin on 2025/02/24 12:19
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Admin 1.1 1 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
2 = Settings =
3
4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
5 == Control ==
6
7 === Common settings ===
8
9 To change the common BMS settings, select the "Control → Common settings" section:
10
Admin 6.2 11 [[image:1740394523706-519.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="127" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 12
13 In this section:
14
15 * Cell capacity – nominal capacity of cells, Ah;
16 * Cell resistance – nominal (maximum) internal resistance of the cell, Ohm;
17 * Relax time (after charging) – a relaxation time after charging, second;
18 * Relax time (atfer discharging) – the relaxation time after discharging, second;
19 * Reset parameters– a command to reset cells state of charge, capacity, and resistance.
20
Admin 6.2 21 The values “Capacity” and “Resistance” are used to calculate the SOC of cells and the battery.
Admin 1.1 22
23 The values of “Relax time” are used to determine the state of the battery. If the battery is in a state of relaxation, the system recalculates the voltage on the cells to the state of charge of the battery.
24
Admin 6.2 25 The “Reset parameters” will reset:
26
27 * state of charge (new cell SOC values will be calculated based on cell voltage and “Uocv (open-circuit voltage) table”: in the “Control → SOC estimation” section);
28 * cell resistance to “Cell resistance” value;
29 * battery capacity to “Cell capacity” value.
30
Admin 1.1 31 The “Reset parameters” command is used for starting-up and adjustment of the battery.
32
33 === SOC estimation ===
34
35 The BMS Mini device calculates the state of charge of the battery (SOC) using two algorithms:
36
37 * by open circuit voltage;
38 * by voltage and current.
39
40 It is recommended to use the algorithm of calculation of SOC by voltage and current.
41
42 To change the estimation algorithm for calculating the battery SOC, select the "Control → SOC estimation → Algorithm" section:
43
Admin 2.1 44 [[image:1733746733477-590.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="166" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 45
46 The following estimation algorithms supported:
47
48 * Voltage – by open circuit voltage;
49 * Current and voltage (simplified);
50 * Current and voltage (enhanced);
51
Admin 6.3 52 The **“Voltage”** SOC calculation algorithm calculates cells SOC based on the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t °C).
Admin 1.1 53
Admin 6.3 54 The **“Current and voltage (simplified)”** SOC calculation algorithm works as follows:
Admin 1.1 55
56 * if I = 0, the battery is in a state of relaxation and the cell voltage Uocv is outside the [U,,ocv[point 1],,; U,,ocv[point 2],,], the SOC calculation based on the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t °C);
57 * in any other cases, the SOC value is proportional to the charge (coulomb) passed through the battery (current time integral).
58
Admin 6.3 59 The **“Current and voltage (enhanced)” **SOC calculation algorithm differs from the simplified algorithm by online correction of effective capacitance. When using this algorithm, it is necessary to fine tune the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t °C).
Admin 1.1 60
61 To change the algorithm for calculating the Final SOC, select the "Control → SOC estimation → Final SOC" section:
62
Admin 2.1 63 [[image:1733746733478-414.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="167" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 64
65 The following battery Final SOC calculation methods are supported:
66
Admin 2.1 67 * Minimal SOC – SOC of the modular battery is assumed to be the minimum SOC among the battery modules;
Admin 6.3 68 * Average SOC – SOC of the modular battery is taken equal to the arithmetic average of the SOC of the battery modules;
69 * Min-Max SOC – the battery SOC is calculated based on the minimum and maximum SOC of the cells. Final SOC will be a) 100% if any cell has 100% SOC, b) 0% if any cell has 0% SOC;
70 * Max-Min SOC – the battery SOC is calculated based on the minimum and maximum SOC of the cells. Final SOC will be a) 100% if all cells have 100% SOC, b) 0% if all cells have 0% SOC.
Admin 1.1 71
Admin 7.1 72 Other parameters:
Admin 1.1 73
74 * Scale the final SOC – a flag to scale the battery SOC by the following values;
Admin 6.3 75 * SOC corresponding to 0% – the battery SOC that sets to be 0%;
76 * SOC corresponding to 100% – the battery SOC that sets to be 100%.
Admin 1.1 77 * Uocv (open-circuit voltage) table – the dependence of the cell open circuit voltage Uocv on SOC and the cell temperature (selected for specific batteries);
Admin 6.3 78 * Linear zone - linear zone of the Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t°C) dependency, inside which the cell voltage changes insignificantly:
79 ** Linear zone: point 1 – starting point of the Uocv linear zone;
80 ** Linear zone: point 2 – ending point of the Uocv linear zone;
Admin 1.1 81 * Coulomb counting correction (temperature) – the dependence of battery capacity on temperature;
82 * Coulomb counting correction (cycles) – the dependence of battery capacity on the number of charge-discharge cycles.
83
84 === SOC correction ===
85
Admin 3.1 86 The BMS Mini device can recalculate the battery SOC after long-term storage or after long-term working in the case when the battery was not charged fully or discharged totally. Recalculation is done based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t) (see [[SOC estimation>>doc:||anchor="HSOCestimation"]]).
Admin 1.1 87
88 To configure parameters for periodically correcting the battery state of charge, select the "Control → SOC correction" section:
89
Admin 2.1 90 [[image:1733746733483-444.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="160" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 91
92 In this section:
93
94 * Enable – a flag to enable SOC correction;
95 * Shutdown period – a time the battery is off, day. If the BMS detects on its startup that it was off during the “Shutdown period” time, the BMS recalculates the battery state of charge based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t);
96 * Correction period – a period of correcting the battery SOC, day. If the BMS detects that the last correction was more than the “Correction period” ago, the BMS recalculates the battery state of charge based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t) and tunes it gradually during the “SOC change time”.
97 * SOC change time – a duration of the linear changing the battery SOC to the value calculated by the correction algorithm, minute;
98 * Ignore the linear zone – a flag to ignore linear SOC zone while correction;
99 * Last correction timestamp – time when last correction was made.
100
Admin 2.1 101 === Resistance estimation ===
Admin 1.1 102
103 Calculation of the resistance of cells is carried out in two ways. The first method is used when the battery passes from a relaxation state to a charge or discharge state, wherein the cell resistance value
104
Admin 10.2 105 {{formula fontSize="SMALL" imageType="PNG"}}
106 R = \frac{U-U_{ocv}}{I_{stable}}
107 {{/formula}}
Admin 1.1 108
109 where U is the cell voltage measured in the charge or discharge state, V; U,,ocv,, is the cell voltage measured in the state of relaxation (before switching to the state of charge or discharge); I,,stable,, – stabilized current through the cell in the state of charge or discharge.
110
111 The second method is used for a stepwise change in the current through the cell, while the value of the cell resistance:
112
Admin 10.2 113 {{formula fontSize="SMALL"}}
114 R = \frac{U_2-U_1}{I_{stable2}-I_{stable1}}
115 {{/formula}}
Admin 1.1 116
Admin 10.2 117 provided that
Admin 1.1 118
Admin 10.2 119 {{formula fontSize="SMALL"}}
120 | I_{stable2}-I_{stable1} | > 0.2 × Qmax
121 {{/formula}}
Admin 1.1 122
Admin 10.2 123 where Q,,max,, — the maximum cell capacity,U,,2,, — voltage on the cell at the moment when the stabilized current I,,stable2,, is flowing through it; U,,1,, — the voltage on the cell at the moment when the stabilized current I,,stable1,, flowing through it.
124
Admin 1.1 125 The stabilized current I,,stable,, = I, if during the stabilization time the instantaneous current I is in the range from 0.95 × I to 1.05 × I.
126
127 To change parameters of the algorithm for calculating the cell resistance, select the "Control → Resistance estimation" section:
128
Admin 2.1 129 [[image:1733746733484-681.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="104" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 130
131 In this section:
132
133 * Current stabilization time, millisecond;
134 * Maximum calculation period – maximum time between resistance measurements. If more time has elapsed since the last determination of the stabilized current I,,stable,, than is determined in this field, the resistance calculation is not performed, second;
135 * Maximum resistance factor – the coefficient of calculation of the maximum acceptable resistance of the cell;
136 * Minimum SOC – minimum cell SOC value for resistance calculation;
137 * Maximum SOC – maximum cell SOC value for resistance calculation.
138
Admin 3.1 139 The calculated resistance is accepted by the system as valid (and therefore updated) if its value is in the range from Resistance/2 to “Maximum resistance factor” × Resistance, where "Resistance" is the nominal resistance of the cell (see [[Common settings>>doc:||anchor="HCommonsettings"]]). If the calculated resistance value is greater than the value (Maximum resistance factor × Resistance), the updated resistance value will be equal to the value (Maximum resistance factor × Resistance).
Admin 1.1 140
Admin 10.2 141 === Low SOC (signal) ===
142
143 To change the parameters of the generation a signal about low battery level, select the "Control → Low SOC (signal)" section:
144
145 [[image:1740396460923-423.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="141" width="800"]]
146
147 In this section:
148
149 * Enable – a flag to enable signal generation;
150 * Minimum SOC, %;
151 * Tolerant SOC, %;
152 * Delay before setting the signal, second;
153 * Delay before clearing the signal, second;
154 * Lock – lock the signal until the device is reset.
155
156 Signal generation conditions:
157
158 * the battery SOC is less than the “Minimum SOC” value during the “Delay before setting the signal” time.
159
160 Conditions for clearing the signal:
161
162 * the battery SOC is greater than the “Tolerant SOC” during the “Delay before clearing the signal” time.
163
164 (% class="box infomessage" %)
165 (((
166 The "Low SOC signal" is indicative and can be output to a discrete output or a power switch.
167 )))
168
Admin 12.2 169 === High charging current (signal) ===
170
171 To change the parameters of the generation high-current signal, select the "Control → High charging current (signal)" section:
172
173 [[image:1740396996935-403.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="144" width="800"]]
174
175 In this section:
176
177 * Enable – a flag to enable signal generation;
178 * Maximum charging current, А;
179 * Tolerant charging current, А;
180 * Delay before setting the signal, second;
181 * Delay before clearing the signal, second;
182 * Lock – lock the signal until the device is reset.
183
184 Signal generation conditions:
185
186 * the measured current is greater than the “Maximum charging current” value during the “Delay before setting the signal” time.
187
188 Conditions for clearing the signal:
189
190 * the measured current is less than the “Tolerant charging current” value during the “Delay before clearing the signal” time.
191
192 (% class="box infomessage" %)
193 (((
194 The "High charging current" signal is indicative and can be output to a discrete output or a power switch.
195 )))
196
Admin 1.1 197 === Charge map ===
198
199 The BMS Mini device calculates maximum allowable charge current values in respect to SOC, battery temperature, contactor temperature and cell voltage.
200
201 Calculated current values are sending to a charger or an intellectual load over the CAN bus.
202
203 To configure parameters for determining the charge current limit, select the "Control → Charge map" section:
204
Admin 15.2 205 [[image:1740397188247-315.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="179" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 206 In this section:
207
208 * Enable – a flag to start calculation of the charge current limit;
Admin 15.2 209 * Maximum charge current – a maximum allowable value of the charge current (under normal conditions), A;
210 * Rate of change – a rate of change the current limit to a new value (0 is for immediate change), A/s;
211 * Option 1: Limit charge current by the battery SOC and temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current** Kcs** depending on SOC and battery temperature;
Admin 1.1 212 * Option 1: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and battery temperature;
Admin 15.2 213 * Option 2: Limit charge current by the contactor temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current **Kcc** depending on contactor temperature;
Admin 1.1 214 * Option 2: Contactor temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and contactor temperature;
Admin 15.2 215 * Option 3: Limit charge current by the maximum cell voltage - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current **Kcv** depending on maximum cell voltage;
216 * Option 3: Cell voltage x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on maximum cell voltage;
217 * Option 4: Limit charge current by the cell temperature - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current **Kct** depending on maximum cell temperature;
218 * Option 4: Cell temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on maximum cell temperature.
Admin 1.1 219
Admin 15.2 220 Value of the charge current limit at given SOC, temperature, contactors temperature, maximum cell voltage and maximum cell temperature is calculated as follows:
Admin 1.1 221
Admin 15.2 222 **Charge current limit = Maximum charge current × Kcs × Kcc × Kcv × Kct**
Admin 1.1 223
224 === Discharge map ===
225
226 The BMS Mini device calculates maximum allowable discharge current values in respect to SOC, battery temperature, contactor temperature and cell voltage.
227
228 Calculated current values are sending to a charger or an intellectual load over the CAN bus.
229
230 To configure parameters for determining the discharge current limit, select the "Control → Discharge map" section:
231
Admin 19.2 232 [[image:1740397304972-174.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="182" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 233
234 In this section:
235
236 * Enable – a flag to start calculation of the discharge current limit;
Admin 19.2 237 * Maximum discharge current – a maximum allowable value of the discharge current (under normal conditions), A;
238 * Rate of change – a rate of change the current limit to a new value (0 is for immediate change), A/s;
239 * Option 1: Limit discharging current by the battery SOC and temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current **Kds **depending on SOC and temperature;
Admin 1.1 240 * Option 1: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and battery temperature;
Admin 19.2 241 * Option 2: Limit discharge current by the contactor temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current **Kdc** depending on contactor temperature;
242 * Option 2: Contactor temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and contactor temperature;
243 * Option 3: Limit discharge current by the cell voltage - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current **Kdv** depending on minimum cell voltage;
244 * Option 3: Cell voltage x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on minimum cell voltage;
245 * Option 4: Limit discharge current by the cell temperature - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current **Kdt** depending on maximum cell temperature;
246 * Option 4: Cell voltage x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on minimum cell temperature.
Admin 1.1 247
Admin 19.2 248 Value of the discharge current limit at given SOC, temperature, contactors temperature, minimum cell voltage and maximum cell temperature is calculated as follows:
Admin 1.1 249
Admin 19.2 250 **Discharge current limit = Maximum discharge current × Kds × Kdc × Kdv × Kdt**
Admin 1.1 251
Admin 19.2 252 === Main contactor ===
Admin 1.1 253
Admin 19.2 254 The BMS Mini device controls the main contactor. The main contactor is usually placed in the common (minus) battery line for opening the charge and discharge circuits in a case of sealing of the charging or discharging contactors.
Admin 1.1 255
Admin 19.2 256 The Main contactor algorithm supports the following modes:
Admin 1.1 257
Admin 19.2 258 * Always on;
259 * Automatic.
Admin 1.1 260
Admin 19.2 261 In “Always on” mode main contactor closes if all the following is true:
Admin 1.1 262
Admin 19.2 263 * Other contactors are open;
264 * There are no errors from the "Errors 1, 2 ..." bitfileds.
265
266 In “Always on” mode main contactor opens if all the following is true:
267
268 * Other contactors are open;
269 * There is an error from the the "Errors 1, 2 ..." bitfileds.
270
271 In “Automatic” mode, the main contactor closes by internal algorithms at the same time with other contactors.
272
273 In “On demand” mode, the main contactor closes by external the “Close Main contactor” request.
274
275 (% class="box infomessage" %)
276 (((
277 **Note: **when errors occur in the system, the **Main **contactor opens either immediately or with the delay T,,off,, (depends on the settings described below).
278 )))
279
280 To change the parameters of the main contactor, select the "Control → Main contactor" section:
281
282 [[image:1740397558976-651.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="144" width="800"]]
283
284 In this section:
285
286 * Enable – a flag to enable the main contactor control;
287 * Algorithm – main contactor control algorithm:
288 ** Always on – contactor is always closed;
289 ** Automatic – contactor closes by internal charge and discharge algorithms;
290 ** On demand – contactor is closed by an external request;
291 * Time to keep the contactor closed before closing the others – a time for other contactors to be open after the main contactor is closed;
292 * Delay before opening the contactor – a time which is used to detect conditions for opening the contactor, s;
293 * Keep the contactor open until the device is restarted – a flag for keeping the main contactor open until the system is reset;
294 * Errors 1, 2 to open the main contactor – bitfields to choose the errors which will open the main contactor.
295
Admin 23.2 296 === Charging status ===
297
298 To change the parameters of charging process status, select the "Control → Charging status" section:
299
300 [[image:1740399071280-626.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="123" width="800"]]
301 In this section:
302
303 * Current to set the "Charging current present" – a current level to generate the "Charging current present" signal, A;
304 * Current to clear the "Charging current present" – a current level to clear the "Charging current present" signal, A;
305 * Voltage to clear the “Ready to charge” – a threshold voltage level on the cell, V; if the voltage of any cell is above this level, the “Ready to charge” (hence, the “Allow charging”) signal is cleared;
306 * Voltage to reset the “Ready to charge” – a tolerant voltage level on the cell, V; if all cell voltages are below the tolerant level, the “Ready to charge” (hence, the “Allow charging”) signal is set;
307 * Delay before recharging – a time after which the previously opened the allow charging contactor closes again, minute; to disable the operation by timeout set "Delay before recharging" to 0;
308 * Errors 1, 2 to clear the "Ready to charge" – bitfields to choose the errors which will clear the "Ready to charge" signal.
309
310 (% class="box infomessage" %)
311 (((
312 **Note:** The "Allow charging" signal activates under two independent conditions:
313 1) the voltage on the cells reaches the “Voltage to reset the “Ready to charge"” level and
314 2) the "Delay before recharging" time has passed since the opening of the allow charging contactor.
315 )))
316
317 === Discharging status ===
318
319 To change the parameters of discharging process status, select the "Control → Discharging status" section:
320
321 [[image:1740399096018-240.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="110" width="800"]]
322 In this section:
323
324 * Current to set the "Discharging current present" – a current level to generate the "Discharging current present" signal, А;
325 * Current to clear the "Discharging current present" – a current level to clear the "Discharging current present" signal, А;
326 * Voltage to clear the “Ready to discharge” – a threshold voltage level on the cell, V; if the voltage of any cell is below this level, the “Ready to discharge” signal is cleared;
327 * Voltage to reset the “Ready to discharge” – a tolerant voltage level on the cell, V; if all cells voltages are above the tolerant level, the “Ready to discharge” signal is set;
328 * Errors 1, 2 to clear the "Ready to discharge" – bitfields to choose the errors which will clear the "Ready to discharge" signal.
329
330 === Precharge ===
331
332 The BMS Main 3 device can control the precharge contactor. The precharge contactor is used to charge the intermediate capacity with low current and usually placed with the limiting resistor in parallel to charging or discharging contactor.
333
334 BMS Main 3 device detects errors while pre-charging the load capacity by monitoring the current and voltage difference before and after contactors. Also BMS can measure the power dissipated on precharge resistor and generate an error if it greater than configured limit.
335
336 [[image:1740399150173-761.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="155" width="800"]]
337
338 To change the parameters of precharge contactor, select the "Control → Precharge" section:
339
340 * Precharge current threshold to finish precharging – a minimum current value at which precharging process assumed to be finished, A;
341 * Number of precharging attempts – maximum number of precharging attempts before setting the "Precharge error";
342 * Precharge time – a duration of closing the precharge contactor before closing the discharging contactor, millisecond;
343 * Relaxation between attempts – a duration between precharge attempts, millisecond;
344 * Check the power dissipated in the preacharge resistor - a flag to enable the calculation of power dissipated in precharge resistor;
345 * Precharge resistor resistance, Ohm;
346 * Maximum allowable power dissipated in the resistor, W;
347 * Delay before setting the "Precharge error" when checking power, millisecond;
348 * Delay before clearing the "Precharge error", second;
349 * Lock the "Precharge error" – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
350
351 “Precharge error” generation conditions if any of the following is true:
352
353 * the precharge current does not decrease during the "Precharge time" after "Number of precharging attempts";
354 * power dissipated on the precharge resistor is above the maximum value during the “Delay before setting the 'Precharge error' when checking power” time.
355
356 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
357 (((
358 Behavior of contactors at “Precharge error” is configured in corresponding contactor settings!
359 )))
360
Admin 1.1 361 === Charge ===
362
363 There are two contactors that serve charging the battery: a charging contactor and an allow charging contactor. With the help of the allow charging contactor, the BMS commands the charger to start or stop charging.
364
365 The device supports three charge control algorithms:
366
Admin 24.2 367 * Always on – charging is always allowed;
368 * On charger connected – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charger connected”;
369 * On charge request – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charge request”.
Admin 1.1 370
Admin 24.2 371 If the "**Always on**" algorithm is selected, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor are always closed. If at least one of the errors from the "Errors 1, 2 ..." bitfields appears or one of the signals:
Admin 1.1 372
Admin 24.2 373 * Service reset;
374 * Power down request;
375 * Inhibit charging,
Admin 1.1 376
377 both contactors are open (no current flows).
378
Admin 24.2 379 When the algorithm "**On charger connected**" is selected, the control is performed as follows:
Admin 1.1 380
Admin 24.2 381 * If there is a signal “Charger connected” and there are no errors (see the "Errors 1, 2 ..." bitfields), then through the delay time T,,on,, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor close;
Admin 1.1 382 * If the signal “Charger connected” disappears, the allow charging contactor opens and after the delay time T,,off,, the charging contactor opens;
383 * If in the process of charging the voltage on the cell exceeds the “Ready to charge” level, the allow charging contactor opens (while the charging contactor remains closed);
Admin 24.2 384 * If errors from the "Errors 1, 2 ..." bitfields occur the charging contactor and allow charging contactor open.
Admin 1.1 385
Admin 24.2 386 When the "**On charge request**" algorithm selected, the control is performed as follows:
Admin 1.1 387
Admin 24.2 388 * If there is a signal “Charge request” and there are no errors (see the "Errors 1, 2 ..." bitfields), then through the delay time T,,on,, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor close;
Admin 1.1 389 * If the signal “Charge request” disappears, the allow charging contactor opens and after the delay time T,,off,, the charging contactor opens;
390 * If in the process of charging the voltage on the cell exceeds the “Ready to charge” level, the allow charging contactor opens (while the charging contactor remains closed);
Admin 24.2 391 * If errors from the "Errors 1, 2 ..." bitfields occur the charging contactor and allow charging contactor open.
Admin 1.1 392
Admin 2.1 393 (% class="box infomessage" %)
394 (((
Admin 24.2 395 **Note: **when errors occur in the system, the **Charge **contactor opens either immediately or with the delay T,,off,, (depends on the settings described below).
Admin 2.1 396 )))
Admin 1.1 397
398 To change the parameters of the battery charge control algorithm, select the "Control → Charge" section:
399
Admin 24.2 400 [[image:1740399363134-722.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="306" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 401
402 In this section:
403
404 * Enable – a flag to activate the charge control;
405 * Algorithm:
406 ** Always on – charging is always allowed;
407 ** On charger connected – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charger connected”;
408 ** On charge request – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charge request”;
Admin 24.3 409 * Allow charging only when the "Ready to charge" signal is set – charging contactor will open if "Ready to charge" signal is cleared;
Admin 1.1 410 * Delay before starting charging – a time delay T,,on,, before closing the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor, millisecond;
411 * Delay before stopping charging – a time delay T,,off,, before opening the charging contactor, millisecond;
Admin 24.3 412 * Control the precharging contactor – a flag that allows control of the precharging contactor;
Admin 1.1 413 * Use custom delays before stopping charging (on errors) – a flag to enable manual settings of time delays T,,off,, for specific errors;
Admin 24.3 414 * Errors 1, 2 to open the charging contactor – bitfields to choose the errors which will open the charging contactor;
Admin 1.1 415 * Custom delay: <error> – specific error delay, millisecond;
416 * Switch off the charging contactor on errors without delay – a flag to protectively open the charging contactor without a delay. In the opposite case, when an error is detected, the charging contactor opens always with the delay “Delay before stopping charging”;
417
Admin 4.1 418 (% class="box infomessage" %)
419 (((
Admin 1.1 420 Note – The allow charging contactor closes under two independent conditions: 1) the voltage on the cells reaches the “Voltage to reset the “Ready to charge"” level and 2) the "Delay before recharging" time has passed since the opening of the allow charging contactor.
Admin 4.1 421 )))
Admin 1.1 422
423 === Discharge ===
424
425 The device controls the discharging contactor to connect battery to the load.
426
427 The device supports three algorithms to control battery discharging:
428
429 * load is always connected;
430 * load is connected when there is no signal “Charger connected”;
431 * load is connected when there is signal “Discharge request”.
432
433 When the algorithm "**Always on**" is selected, the discharging contactor is always closed. If at least one of the errors appears:
434
435 * Undervoltage;
436 * Overvoltage (optional);
437 * Overcurrent;
438 * High temperature (DCH);
439 * Low temperature (DCH) (optional);
440 * HYG offline (optional);
441 * Combilift offline (optional);
442 * Spirit offline (optional);
443 * Spirit charger error (optional);
444 * Short circuit (optional);
445 * High contactor temperature (optional);
446 * DCH contactor cycles error;
447 * Critical error
448
449 the discharging contactor opens.
450
451 If the algorithm "**On Charger disconnected**" is selected, the control is performed as follows:
452
453 * if there is no signal “Charger connected”, the charging contactor is opened and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the discharging contactor closes;
454 * If the signal “Charger connected” appears or errors occur (see the list above), then after the delay time T,,off,, the discharging contactor opens.
455
456 When the "**On Discharge request**" algorithm selected, the control is performed as follows:
457
458 * if there is signal “Discharge request”, the charging contactor is opened and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the discharging contactor closes;
459 * If the signal “Discharge request” disappears or errors occur (see the list above), then after the delay time T,,off,, the discharging contactor opens.
460
Admin 2.1 461 (% class="box infomessage" %)
462 (((
463 Note: in case of errors in the system operation, the opening of the **discharging **contactor is performed either immediately or with a delay T,,off,, (depends on the settings described below).
464 )))
Admin 1.1 465
466 The device supports controlling the precharging contactor. The duration of switching on the precharging contactor before closing the discharging (load) contactor is adjusted.
467
468 When the power down request occurs, the discharging contactor opens after delay T,,off,,. Reclosing the discharging contactor is performed if the power down request is removed.
469
470 To change the parameters of the battery discharge control algorithm, select the "Control → Discharge" section:
471
Admin 2.1 472 [[image:1733746885414-479.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="319" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 473
474 In this section:
475
476 * Enable – a flag to activate the discharge control;
477 * Algorithm:
478 ** Always on – load is always connected;
479 ** On charger disconnected – load is connected when there is no signal “Charger connected”;
480 ** On discharge request – load is connected when there is signal “Discharge request”;
481 * Current corresponding to discharging – a current level to generate the "Discharging current present" signal, А;
482 * Current indicating no discharging – a current level to clear the "Discharging current present" signal, А;
483 * Delay before starting discharging – a time delay T,,on,, before closing the discharging contactor, millisecond;
484 * Delay before stopping discharging – a time delay T,,off,, before opening the discharging contactor, millisecond;
485 * Use custom delays before stopping discharging (on errors) – a flag to enable manual settings of time delays T,,off,, for specific errors;
486 * Custom delay: <error> – specific error delay, millisecond;
487 * Switch off the discharging contactor on errors without delay – a flag to protectively open the discharging contactor without a delay. In the opposite case, when an error is detected, the discharging contactor opens always with the delay “Delay before stopping discharging”.
488 * Precharge time – a duration of closing the precharge contactor before closing the discharging contactor, millisecond;
489 * Voltage to clear the “Ready to discharge” – a threshold voltage level on the cell, V; if the voltage of any cell is below this level, the “Ready to discharge” signal is cleared;
490 * Voltage to reset the “Ready to discharge” – a tolerant voltage level on the cell, V; if all cells voltages are above the tolerant level, the “Ready to discharge” signal is set;
491
492 === Charge/Discharge ===
493
494 The BMS Mini device can control the charging/discharging contactor that is used to both charge and discharge the battery.
495
496 The charging/discharging contactor combines algorithms of charging and discharging contactor. It behaves as a charging contactor when «Charge request» or «Charger connected» are set, otherwise – as a discharging contactor.
497
498 The charging/discharging contactor control is configured in the “Control – Charge/Discharge” section:
499
Admin 2.1 500 [[image:1733746901779-991.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="95" width="800"]]In this section:
Admin 1.1 501
502 * Enable – a flag to enable the charge/discharge controller.
503
504 === Discharge (AUX) ===
505
506 The BMS Mini device can control the power supply of external equipment using the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor. An example of external equipment can be an inverter that converts DC to AC to power a service laptop and other devices.
507
508 The power supply circuit of the external equipment using the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor is independent of the battery load circuit. The closing and opening of the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor is performed according to its program.
509
510 If the power supply function of the external equipment is enabled, the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor closes. The opening of this contactor occurs on three independent conditions:
511
512 * the battery has low SOC;
513 * the battery voltage is out of range;
514 * the battery system errors are detected.
515
516 To change the parameters of the powering of external equipment, select the "Control → Discharge (AUX)" section:
517
Admin 2.1 518 [[image:1733746932199-845.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="137" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 519
520 In this section:
521
522 * Enable – a flag to activate the auxiliary discharge control;
523 * Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor if the SOC is too low;
524 * Minimum SOC – a minimum SOC value, when reached, the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor opens, %;
525 * Tolerant SOC – a permissive SOC value, upon reaching which the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor re-closes, %;
526 * Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor if the battery voltage is out of the range;
527 * Minimum voltage – minimum battery voltage, V;
528 * Maximum voltage – maximum battery voltage, V;
Admin 2.1 529 * Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor on errors – the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor opens if the following errors occur: Undervoltage, Overcurrent, High temperature (DCH), Short circuit, Critical error.
Admin 1.1 530
Admin 19.2 531 === ===
Admin 1.1 532
533 === Cell balancing ===
534
535 Balancing makes the voltage of all cells be equal to the minimum cell voltage.
536
537 The following balancing rules are supported:
538
539 * only when the battery is charging (current I > 0) and some time until the battery is relaxed;
540 * when the battery is charging (current I > 0) or when the battery is in a state of relaxation;
541 * always (regardless of battery state).
542
543 A balancing resistor is connected to the cell if:
544
545 * the voltage on the cell is higher than the starting voltage of the balancing;
546 * the difference between the cell voltage and the minimum voltage among the cells of the battery is greater than the balancing deviation.
547
Admin 2.1 548 (% class="box infomessage" %)
549 (((
Admin 1.1 550 If the BMS Mini overheats, then the balancing of the cells connected to this device will not be performed.
Admin 2.1 551 )))
Admin 1.1 552
553 To change the cell balancing parameters, select the "Control → Cell balancing" section:
554
Admin 2.1 555 [[image:1733746797003-364.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="104" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 556
557 In this section:
558
559 * Enable – a flag to enable cell balancing;
560 * Balancing rule:
561 ** Balance on charge;
562 ** Balance on charge or relaxed;
563 ** Balance always;
564
Admin 2.1 565 [[image:1733746797004-660.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="104" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 566
567 * Minimum cell voltage to start balancing, V;
568 * Balancing deviation, V.
569
570 === Power down ===
571
572 The BMS Mini device can shut down itself if the battery voltage is low or the battery is idle for a long time.
573
574 Shutting down the battery system is performed according to the following conditions:
575
576 * the battery voltage is below the minimum level;
577 * the “Charger connected” signal is cleared for 60 seconds.
578
579 The BMS Mini device also shuts down the battery if it stays in the “Charging OFF”, “Discharging OFF”, “Relaxed (after charging)” or “Relaxed (after discharging)” for the set time.
580
581 To change the parameters of the power down control, select the "Control → Power down" section:
582
Admin 2.1 583 [[image:1733746797005-459.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="115" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 584
585 In this section:
586
587 * Minimum voltage to power down – a minimum voltage level of the battery below which the BMS commands to shut down the battery, V;
588 * Idle time to power down – a time of battery inactivity after which the battery is shut down, minute;
Admin 2.1 589 * Wait the "Power up/down request" is cleared (on startup) – a flag to enable delay for clearing the “Power up/down request” signal while starting the BMS.
Admin 1.1 590
591 === Heater ===
592
593 To change the parameters of the heater control algorithm, select the "Control → Heater" section:
594
Admin 2.1 595 [[image:1733746808496-606.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="116" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 596
597 In this section:
598
599 * Enable – a flag to enable heater control;
600 * Minimum cell temperature, °C;
601 * Tolerant cell temperature, °C;
602 * Delay before starting the heater, millisecond;
603 * Delay before stopping the heater, millisecond;
604 * Switch off the heater on errors (Undervoltage, Overcurrent, High temperature, Short circuit or Critical error).
605
606 As a result of operating the heating algorithm, the “Heater” signal is generated.
607
608 Conditions for signal generation:
609
610 * The minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell temperature” value during the “Delay before starting the heater” time.
611
612 Conditions for clearing the signal:
613
614 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell temperature” value during the “Delay before stopping the heater” time.
615
Admin 2.1 616 (% class="box infomessage" %)
617 (((
Admin 1.1 618 If there is the "Heater" signal, the heater contactor closes and/or a signal is output to the corresponded digital output.
Admin 2.1 619 )))
Admin 1.1 620
621 === Cooler ===
622
623 To change the parameters of the cooler control algorithm, select the "Control → Cooler" section:
624
Admin 2.1 625 [[image:1733746808497-424.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="113" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 626
627 In this section:
628
629 * Enable – a flag to enable cooler control;
630 * Maximum cell temperature, °C;
631 * Tolerant cell temperature, °C;
632 * Delay before starting the cooler, millisecond;
633 * Delay before stopping the cooler, millisecond;
634 * Switch off the cooler contactor on errors (Undervoltage, Overcurrent, Low temperature, Short circuit or Critical error).
635
636 As a result of operating the cooling algorithm, the "Cooler" signal is generated.
637
638 Conditions for signal generation:
639
640 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell temperature” value during the “Delay before starting the cooler” time.
641
642 Conditions for clearing the signal:
643
644 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell temperature” value during the “Delay before stopping the cooler” time.
645
Admin 2.1 646 (% class="box infomessage" %)
647 (((
Admin 1.1 648 If there is the "Cooler" signal, the cooler contactor closes and/or a signal is output to the corresponded digital output.
Admin 2.1 649 )))
Admin 1.1 650
651 === Cell analysis ===
652
653 Discharge characteristics of the battery – the dependence Uocv = Uocv (DOD) – is used to determine the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t °C), which is necessary for calculating the state of charge of the battery.
654
655 The BMS Mini device can automatically determine the battery discharge characteristic.
656
657 Before starting the process of determining the discharge characteristic, it is necessary to prepare a BMS:
658
659 1. Charge the battery.
660 1. Connect a resistive load to the discharging contactor, which will provide a discharge current of 0.5C (where C is the cell capacitance).
661
662 To configure parameters for determining the discharge characteristic of the battery, select the "Control → Cell analysis" section:
663
Admin 2.1 664 [[image:1733746808498-116.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="103" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 665
666 In this section:
667
668 * Enable – a flag to enable cell analysis;
669 * Discharge step, Ah;
670 * Delta voltage – a maximum allowable voltage drop for the cell, V;
671 * Cell index – a position of the analyzed cell;
672 * Analyse the most discharged cell – a flag to analyse of the least charged cell (in this case, the value “Cell index” is ignored).
673
674 Discharge step should be set equal to
675
676 Discharge step= С/21,
677
678 where C is the cell capacity.
679
680 The discharge characteristic will be constructed for the given cell (its position is determined by the field “Cell index”).
681
682 The algorithm for determining the discharge characteristic of the battery will be started if the “Enable” flag is set. From this moment, the control of the discharge contactor is performed by this algorithm.
683
684 Algorithm steps:
685
686 1. DOD = 0.
687 1. Opening the discharging contactor.
688 1. Waiting for the relaxation of the battery.
689 1. Measuring Uocv = U.
690 1. Saving the point of the discharge characteristic (Q, U,,OCV,,).
691 1. Closing of the discharging contactor. DOD,,1,, = DOD + Discharge step, U,,1,, = U
692 1. If DOD = DOD,,1,, or U < (U,,1,, – Delta voltage), then go to step 2.
693 1. If the "Undervoltage" error is detected, then the end of the algorithm.
694
695 During the operation of the algorithm, a file with the name "CELLANALYSIS.TXT" in the CSV format will be created on the SD card.
696
697 File structure:
698
699 |**Time**|**DOD**|**Cell**|**OCV**|**Resistance**
700 |**10.11.2017 12:28:34**|0.0|1|4.180|0.080000
701 |**...**|...|…|...|...
702
703 Parameter names:
704
705 * Time – date and time;
706 * DOD – depth of discharge, Ah;
707 * Cell – position of the analyzed cell for which OCV and Resistance values are provided;
708 * OCV – cell voltage Uocv, V;
Admin 2.1 709 * Resistance – cell resistance, Ohm.