Skip to Content

Wiki source code of 3.3 Control

Version 6.3 by Admin on 2025/02/24 10:58
Show last authors
1 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
2 = Settings =
3
4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
5 == Control ==
6
7 === Common settings ===
8
9 To change the common BMS settings, select the "Control → Common settings" section:
10
11 [[image:1740394523706-519.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="127" width="800"]]
12
13 In this section:
14
15 * Cell capacity – nominal capacity of cells, Ah;
16 * Cell resistance – nominal (maximum) internal resistance of the cell, Ohm;
17 * Relax time (after charging) – a relaxation time after charging, second;
18 * Relax time (atfer discharging) – the relaxation time after discharging, second;
19 * Reset parameters– a command to reset cells state of charge, capacity, and resistance.
20
21 The values “Capacity” and “Resistance” are used to calculate the SOC of cells and the battery.
22
23 The values of “Relax time” are used to determine the state of the battery. If the battery is in a state of relaxation, the system recalculates the voltage on the cells to the state of charge of the battery.
24
25 The “Reset parameters” will reset:
26
27 * state of charge (new cell SOC values will be calculated based on cell voltage and “Uocv (open-circuit voltage) table”: in the “Control → SOC estimation” section);
28 * cell resistance to “Cell resistance” value;
29 * battery capacity to “Cell capacity” value.
30
31 The “Reset parameters” command is used for starting-up and adjustment of the battery.
32
33 === SOC estimation ===
34
35 The BMS Mini device calculates the state of charge of the battery (SOC) using two algorithms:
36
37 * by open circuit voltage;
38 * by voltage and current.
39
40 It is recommended to use the algorithm of calculation of SOC by voltage and current.
41
42 To change the estimation algorithm for calculating the battery SOC, select the "Control → SOC estimation → Algorithm" section:
43
44 [[image:1733746733477-590.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="166" width="800"]]
45
46 The following estimation algorithms supported:
47
48 * Voltage – by open circuit voltage;
49 * Current and voltage (simplified);
50 * Current and voltage (enhanced);
51
52 The **“Voltage”** SOC calculation algorithm calculates cells SOC based on the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t °C).
53
54 The **“Current and voltage (simplified)”** SOC calculation algorithm works as follows:
55
56 * if I = 0, the battery is in a state of relaxation and the cell voltage Uocv is outside the [U,,ocv[point 1],,; U,,ocv[point 2],,], the SOC calculation based on the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t °C);
57 * in any other cases, the SOC value is proportional to the charge (coulomb) passed through the battery (current time integral).
58
59 The **“Current and voltage (enhanced)” **SOC calculation algorithm differs from the simplified algorithm by online correction of effective capacitance. When using this algorithm, it is necessary to fine tune the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t °C).
60
61 To change the algorithm for calculating the Final SOC, select the "Control → SOC estimation → Final SOC" section:
62
63 [[image:1733746733478-414.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="167" width="800"]]
64
65 The following battery Final SOC calculation methods are supported:
66
67 * Minimal SOC – SOC of the modular battery is assumed to be the minimum SOC among the battery modules;
68 * Average SOC – SOC of the modular battery is taken equal to the arithmetic average of the SOC of the battery modules;
69 * Min-Max SOC – the battery SOC is calculated based on the minimum and maximum SOC of the cells. Final SOC will be a) 100% if any cell has 100% SOC, b) 0% if any cell has 0% SOC;
70 * Max-Min SOC – the battery SOC is calculated based on the minimum and maximum SOC of the cells. Final SOC will be a) 100% if all cells have 100% SOC, b) 0% if all cells have 0% SOC.
71
72 To change other settings of SOC estimation, select the "Control → SOC estimation” section:
73
74
75 In this section:
76
77 * (((
78 Other parameters:
79 )))
80 * Scale the final SOC – a flag to scale the battery SOC by the following values;
81 * SOC corresponding to 0% – the battery SOC that sets to be 0%;
82 * SOC corresponding to 100% – the battery SOC that sets to be 100%.
83 * Uocv (open-circuit voltage) table – the dependence of the cell open circuit voltage Uocv on SOC and the cell temperature (selected for specific batteries);
84 * Linear zone - linear zone of the Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t°C) dependency, inside which the cell voltage changes insignificantly:
85 ** Linear zone: point 1 – starting point of the Uocv linear zone;
86 ** Linear zone: point 2 – ending point of the Uocv linear zone;
87 * Coulomb counting correction (temperature) – the dependence of battery capacity on temperature;
88 * Coulomb counting correction (cycles) – the dependence of battery capacity on the number of charge-discharge cycles.
89
90
91 === SOC correction ===
92
93 The BMS Mini device can recalculate the battery SOC after long-term storage or after long-term working in the case when the battery was not charged fully or discharged totally. Recalculation is done based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t) (see [[SOC estimation>>doc:||anchor="HSOCestimation"]]).
94
95 To configure parameters for periodically correcting the battery state of charge, select the "Control → SOC correction" section:
96
97 [[image:1733746733483-444.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="160" width="800"]]
98
99 In this section:
100
101 * Enable – a flag to enable SOC correction;
102 * Shutdown period – a time the battery is off, day. If the BMS detects on its startup that it was off during the “Shutdown period” time, the BMS recalculates the battery state of charge based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t);
103 * Correction period – a period of correcting the battery SOC, day. If the BMS detects that the last correction was more than the “Correction period” ago, the BMS recalculates the battery state of charge based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t) and tunes it gradually during the “SOC change time”.
104 * SOC change time – a duration of the linear changing the battery SOC to the value calculated by the correction algorithm, minute;
105 * Ignore the linear zone – a flag to ignore linear SOC zone while correction;
106 * Last correction timestamp – time when last correction was made.
107
108 === Resistance estimation ===
109
110 Calculation of the resistance of cells is carried out in two ways. The first method is used when the battery passes from a relaxation state to a charge or discharge state, wherein the cell resistance value
111
112 R = (U-U,,ocv,,) / I,,stable,,,
113
114 where U is the cell voltage measured in the charge or discharge state, V; U,,ocv,, is the cell voltage measured in the state of relaxation (before switching to the state of charge or discharge); I,,stable,, – stabilized current through the cell in the state of charge or discharge.
115
116 The second method is used for a stepwise change in the current through the cell, while the value of the cell resistance:
117
118 R = (U,,2,,-U,,1,,) / (I,,stable2,,-I,,stable1,,) provided that | I,,stable2,,-I,,stable1,, | > 0.2 × Q,,max,,
119
120 (Q,,max,, is the maximum cell capacity),
121
122 where U,,2,, is the voltage on the cell at the moment when the stabilized current I,,stable2,, is flowing through it; U,,1,, – the voltage on the cell at the moment when the stabilized current I,,stable1,, flowing through it.
123
124 The stabilized current I,,stable,, = I, if during the stabilization time the instantaneous current I is in the range from 0.95 × I to 1.05 × I.
125
126 To change parameters of the algorithm for calculating the cell resistance, select the "Control → Resistance estimation" section:
127
128 [[image:1733746733484-681.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="104" width="800"]]
129
130 In this section:
131
132 * Current stabilization time, millisecond;
133 * Maximum calculation period – maximum time between resistance measurements. If more time has elapsed since the last determination of the stabilized current I,,stable,, than is determined in this field, the resistance calculation is not performed, second;
134 * Maximum resistance factor – the coefficient of calculation of the maximum acceptable resistance of the cell;
135 * Minimum SOC – minimum cell SOC value for resistance calculation;
136 * Maximum SOC – maximum cell SOC value for resistance calculation.
137
138 The calculated resistance is accepted by the system as valid (and therefore updated) if its value is in the range from Resistance/2 to “Maximum resistance factor” × Resistance, where "Resistance" is the nominal resistance of the cell (see [[Common settings>>doc:||anchor="HCommonsettings"]]). If the calculated resistance value is greater than the value (Maximum resistance factor × Resistance), the updated resistance value will be equal to the value (Maximum resistance factor × Resistance).
139
140 === Charge map ===
141
142 The BMS Mini device calculates maximum allowable charge current values in respect to SOC, battery temperature, contactor temperature and cell voltage.
143
144 Calculated current values are sending to a charger or an intellectual load over the CAN bus.
145
146 To configure parameters for determining the charge current limit, select the "Control → Charge map" section:
147
148 [[image:1733746766504-864.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
149
150 In this section:
151
152 * Enable – a flag to start calculation of the charge current limit;
153 * Maximum charge current – a maximum allowable value of the charge current (under normal conditions):
154 * Option 1: Limit charge current by the battery SOC and temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current Kcs depending on SOC and battery temperature;
155 * Option 1: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and battery temperature;
156
157 [[image:1733746766506-660.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="196" width="800"]]
158
159 * Option 2: Limit charge current by the contactor temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current Kcc depending on contactor temperature;
160 * Option 2: Contactor temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and contactor temperature;
161
162 [[image:1733746766508-178.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="184" width="800"]]
163
164 * Option 3: Limit charge current by the maximum cell voltage - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current Kcv depending on maximum cell voltage;
165 * Option 3: Cell voltage x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on maximum cell voltage.
166
167 [[image:1733746766509-971.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="217" width="800"]]
168
169 Value of the charge current limit at given SOC, temperature, contactors temperature and maximum cell voltage is calculated as follows:
170
171 Charging current limit = Maximum charging current × Kcs × Kcc × Kcv
172
173 === Discharge map ===
174
175 The BMS Mini device calculates maximum allowable discharge current values in respect to SOC, battery temperature, contactor temperature and cell voltage.
176
177 Calculated current values are sending to a charger or an intellectual load over the CAN bus.
178
179 To configure parameters for determining the discharge current limit, select the "Control → Discharge map" section:
180
181 [[image:1733746766511-477.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="149" width="800"]]
182
183 In this section:
184
185 * Enable – a flag to start calculation of the discharge current limit;
186 * Maximum discharge current – a maximum allowable value of the discharge current (under normal conditions):
187 * Option 1: Limit discharging current by the battery SOC and temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current Kds depending on SOC and temperature;
188 * Option 1: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and battery temperature;
189
190 [[image:1733746766512-300.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="195" width="800"]]
191
192 * Option 2: Limit discharge current by the contactor temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current Kdc depending on contactor temperature;
193 * Option 2: Contactor temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and contactor temperature;
194
195 [[image:1733746766513-161.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="183" width="800"]]
196
197 * Option 3: Limit discharge current by the cell voltage - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current Kdv depending on minimum cell voltage;
198 * Option 3: Cell voltage x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on minimum cell voltage.
199
200 [[image:1733746766514-686.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="215" width="800"]]
201
202 Value of the discharge current limit at given SOC, temperature, contactors temperature and minimum cell voltage is calculated as follows:
203
204 Discharging current limit = Maximum discharging current × Kds × Kdc × Kdv
205
206 === Charge ===
207
208 There are two contactors that serve charging the battery: a charging contactor and an allow charging contactor. With the help of the allow charging contactor, the BMS commands the charger to start or stop charging.
209
210 The device supports three charge control algorithms:
211
212 * charging is always allowed;
213 * charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charger connected”;
214 * charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charge request”.
215
216 If the "**Always on**" algorithm is selected, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor are always closed. If at least one of the errors appears:
217
218 * Overvoltage;
219 * Overcurrent;
220 * High temperature (CH);
221 * Low temperature (CH);
222 * HYG offline (optional);
223 * Combilift offline (optional);
224 * Spirit offline (optional);
225 * Spirit charger error (optional);
226 * Short circuit (optional);
227 * High contactor temperature (optional);
228 * CH contactor cycles error;
229 * Critical error
230
231 both contactors are open (no current flows).
232
233 When the algorithm "**On Charger connected**" is selected, the control is performed as follows:
234
235 * If there is a signal “Charger connected” and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor close;
236 * If the signal “Charger connected” disappears, the allow charging contactor opens and after the delay time T,,off,, the charging contactor opens;
237 * If in the process of charging the voltage on the cell exceeds the “Ready to charge” level, the allow charging contactor opens (while the charging contactor remains closed);
238 * If errors in the list above occur the charging contactor and allow charging contactor open.
239
240 When the "**On Charge request**" algorithm selected, the control is performed as follows:
241
242 * If there is a signal “Charge request” and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor close;
243 * If the signal “Charge request” disappears, the allow charging contactor opens and after the delay time T,,off,, the charging contactor opens;
244 * If in the process of charging the voltage on the cell exceeds the “Ready to charge” level, the allow charging contactor opens (while the charging contactor remains closed);
245 * If errors in the list above occur the charging contactor and allow charging contactor open.
246
247 (% class="box infomessage" %)
248 (((
249 Note: when errors occur in the system, the **charging **contactor opens either immediately or with the delay T,,off,, (depends on the settings described below).
250 )))
251
252 When the power down request occurs, the allow charging contactor opens immediately and the charging contactor opens after the delay T,,off,,. Reclosing the charging contactor and allow charging contactor is performed if the power down request is removed.
253
254 To change the parameters of the battery charge control algorithm, select the "Control → Charge" section:
255
256 [[image:1733746766516-845.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="319" width="800"]]
257
258 In this section:
259
260 * Enable – a flag to activate the charge control;
261 * Algorithm:
262 ** Always on – charging is always allowed;
263 ** On charger connected – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charger connected”;
264 ** On charge request – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charge request”;
265 * Current corresponding to charging – a current level to generate the "Charging current present" signal, A;
266 * Current corresponding to no charging – a current level to clear the "Charging current present" signal, A;
267 * Delay before starting charging – a time delay T,,on,, before closing the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor, millisecond;
268 * Delay before stopping charging – a time delay T,,off,, before opening the charging contactor, millisecond;
269 * Use custom delays before stopping charging (on errors) – a flag to enable manual settings of time delays T,,off,, for specific errors;
270 * Custom delay: <error> – specific error delay, millisecond;
271 * Switch off the charging contactor on errors without delay – a flag to protectively open the charging contactor without a delay. In the opposite case, when an error is detected, the charging contactor opens always with the delay “Delay before stopping charging”;
272 * Control the precharging contactor – a flag that allows control of the precharging contactor;
273 * Voltage to clear the “Ready to charge” – a threshold voltage level on the cell, V; if the voltage of any cell is above this level, the “Ready to charge” (hence, the “Allow charging”) signal is cleared;
274 * Voltage to reset the “Ready to charge” – a tolerant voltage level on the cell, V; if all cell voltages are below the tolerant level, the “Ready to charge” (hence, the “Allow charging”) signal is set;
275 * Delay before recharging – a time after which the previously opened the allow charging contactor closes again, minute; to disable the operation by timeout set "Delay before recharging" to 0.
276
277 (% class="box infomessage" %)
278 (((
279 Note – The allow charging contactor closes under two independent conditions: 1) the voltage on the cells reaches the “Voltage to reset the “Ready to charge"” level and 2) the "Delay before recharging" time has passed since the opening of the allow charging contactor.
280 )))
281
282 === Discharge ===
283
284 The device controls the discharging contactor to connect battery to the load.
285
286 The device supports three algorithms to control battery discharging:
287
288 * load is always connected;
289 * load is connected when there is no signal “Charger connected”;
290 * load is connected when there is signal “Discharge request”.
291
292 When the algorithm "**Always on**" is selected, the discharging contactor is always closed. If at least one of the errors appears:
293
294 * Undervoltage;
295 * Overvoltage (optional);
296 * Overcurrent;
297 * High temperature (DCH);
298 * Low temperature (DCH) (optional);
299 * HYG offline (optional);
300 * Combilift offline (optional);
301 * Spirit offline (optional);
302 * Spirit charger error (optional);
303 * Short circuit (optional);
304 * High contactor temperature (optional);
305 * DCH contactor cycles error;
306 * Critical error
307
308 the discharging contactor opens.
309
310 If the algorithm "**On Charger disconnected**" is selected, the control is performed as follows:
311
312 * if there is no signal “Charger connected”, the charging contactor is opened and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the discharging contactor closes;
313 * If the signal “Charger connected” appears or errors occur (see the list above), then after the delay time T,,off,, the discharging contactor opens.
314
315 When the "**On Discharge request**" algorithm selected, the control is performed as follows:
316
317 * if there is signal “Discharge request”, the charging contactor is opened and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the discharging contactor closes;
318 * If the signal “Discharge request” disappears or errors occur (see the list above), then after the delay time T,,off,, the discharging contactor opens.
319
320 (% class="box infomessage" %)
321 (((
322 Note: in case of errors in the system operation, the opening of the **discharging **contactor is performed either immediately or with a delay T,,off,, (depends on the settings described below).
323 )))
324
325 The device supports controlling the precharging contactor. The duration of switching on the precharging contactor before closing the discharging (load) contactor is adjusted.
326
327 When the power down request occurs, the discharging contactor opens after delay T,,off,,. Reclosing the discharging contactor is performed if the power down request is removed.
328
329 To change the parameters of the battery discharge control algorithm, select the "Control → Discharge" section:
330
331 [[image:1733746885414-479.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="319" width="800"]]
332
333 In this section:
334
335 * Enable – a flag to activate the discharge control;
336 * Algorithm:
337 ** Always on – load is always connected;
338 ** On charger disconnected – load is connected when there is no signal “Charger connected”;
339 ** On discharge request – load is connected when there is signal “Discharge request”;
340 * Current corresponding to discharging – a current level to generate the "Discharging current present" signal, А;
341 * Current indicating no discharging – a current level to clear the "Discharging current present" signal, А;
342 * Delay before starting discharging – a time delay T,,on,, before closing the discharging contactor, millisecond;
343 * Delay before stopping discharging – a time delay T,,off,, before opening the discharging contactor, millisecond;
344 * Use custom delays before stopping discharging (on errors) – a flag to enable manual settings of time delays T,,off,, for specific errors;
345 * Custom delay: <error> – specific error delay, millisecond;
346 * Switch off the discharging contactor on errors without delay – a flag to protectively open the discharging contactor without a delay. In the opposite case, when an error is detected, the discharging contactor opens always with the delay “Delay before stopping discharging”.
347 * Precharge time – a duration of closing the precharge contactor before closing the discharging contactor, millisecond;
348 * Voltage to clear the “Ready to discharge” – a threshold voltage level on the cell, V; if the voltage of any cell is below this level, the “Ready to discharge” signal is cleared;
349 * Voltage to reset the “Ready to discharge” – a tolerant voltage level on the cell, V; if all cells voltages are above the tolerant level, the “Ready to discharge” signal is set;
350
351 === Charge/Discharge ===
352
353 The BMS Mini device can control the charging/discharging contactor that is used to both charge and discharge the battery.
354
355 The charging/discharging contactor combines algorithms of charging and discharging contactor. It behaves as a charging contactor when «Charge request» or «Charger connected» are set, otherwise – as a discharging contactor.
356
357 The charging/discharging contactor control is configured in the “Control – Charge/Discharge” section:
358
359 [[image:1733746901779-991.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="95" width="800"]]In this section:
360
361 * Enable – a flag to enable the charge/discharge controller.
362
363 === Discharge (AUX) ===
364
365 The BMS Mini device can control the power supply of external equipment using the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor. An example of external equipment can be an inverter that converts DC to AC to power a service laptop and other devices.
366
367 The power supply circuit of the external equipment using the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor is independent of the battery load circuit. The closing and opening of the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor is performed according to its program.
368
369 If the power supply function of the external equipment is enabled, the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor closes. The opening of this contactor occurs on three independent conditions:
370
371 * the battery has low SOC;
372 * the battery voltage is out of range;
373 * the battery system errors are detected.
374
375 To change the parameters of the powering of external equipment, select the "Control → Discharge (AUX)" section:
376
377 [[image:1733746932199-845.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="137" width="800"]]
378
379 In this section:
380
381 * Enable – a flag to activate the auxiliary discharge control;
382 * Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor if the SOC is too low;
383 * Minimum SOC – a minimum SOC value, when reached, the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor opens, %;
384 * Tolerant SOC – a permissive SOC value, upon reaching which the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor re-closes, %;
385 * Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor if the battery voltage is out of the range;
386 * Minimum voltage – minimum battery voltage, V;
387 * Maximum voltage – maximum battery voltage, V;
388 * Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor on errors – the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor opens if the following errors occur: Undervoltage, Overcurrent, High temperature (DCH), Short circuit, Critical error.
389
390 === Main contactor ===
391
392 The BMS Mini device controls the main contactor. The main contactor is usually placed in the common (minus) battery line for opening the charge and discharge circuits in a case of sealing of the charging or discharging contactors.
393
394 The main contactor closes if there are no errors from the list below:
395
396 * Overcurrent;
397 * Undervoltage;
398 * Overvoltage;
399 * High temperature (CH);
400 * High temperature (DCH);
401 * Unallowable charging;
402 * Critical error.
403
404 The main contactor opens if the charging and discharging contactors are opened and any of the following conditions is met:
405
406 * charging or discharging current is detected during a set time;
407 * voltage of any cell is lower than the minimum cell voltage configured in the section "Protections → Undervoltage" during a set time;
408 * voltage of any cell is greater than the maximum cell voltage configured in the section "Protections → Overvoltage" during a set time;
409 * temperature of any cell is greater than the maximum cell temperature configured in the section "Protections → High temperature" during a set time;
410 * Critical error stays on during a set time.
411
412 To change the parameters of the main contactor, select the "Control → Main contactor" section:
413
414 [[image:1733746797002-498.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="93" width="800"]]
415
416 In this section:
417
418 * Enable – a flag to enable the main contactor control;
419 * Delay before opening the contactor – a time which is used to detect conditions for opening the contactor, second;
420 * Keep the contactor open until the device is restarted – a flag for keeping the main contactor opened until the system be reset.
421
422 === Cell balancing ===
423
424 Balancing makes the voltage of all cells be equal to the minimum cell voltage.
425
426 The following balancing rules are supported:
427
428 * only when the battery is charging (current I > 0) and some time until the battery is relaxed;
429 * when the battery is charging (current I > 0) or when the battery is in a state of relaxation;
430 * always (regardless of battery state).
431
432 A balancing resistor is connected to the cell if:
433
434 * the voltage on the cell is higher than the starting voltage of the balancing;
435 * the difference between the cell voltage and the minimum voltage among the cells of the battery is greater than the balancing deviation.
436
437 (% class="box infomessage" %)
438 (((
439 If the BMS Mini overheats, then the balancing of the cells connected to this device will not be performed.
440 )))
441
442 To change the cell balancing parameters, select the "Control → Cell balancing" section:
443
444 [[image:1733746797003-364.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="104" width="800"]]
445
446 In this section:
447
448 * Enable – a flag to enable cell balancing;
449 * Balancing rule:
450 ** Balance on charge;
451 ** Balance on charge or relaxed;
452 ** Balance always;
453
454 [[image:1733746797004-660.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="104" width="800"]]
455
456 * Minimum cell voltage to start balancing, V;
457 * Balancing deviation, V.
458
459 === Power down ===
460
461 The BMS Mini device can shut down itself if the battery voltage is low or the battery is idle for a long time.
462
463 Shutting down the battery system is performed according to the following conditions:
464
465 * the battery voltage is below the minimum level;
466 * the “Charger connected” signal is cleared for 60 seconds.
467
468 The BMS Mini device also shuts down the battery if it stays in the “Charging OFF”, “Discharging OFF”, “Relaxed (after charging)” or “Relaxed (after discharging)” for the set time.
469
470 To change the parameters of the power down control, select the "Control → Power down" section:
471
472 [[image:1733746797005-459.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="115" width="800"]]
473
474 In this section:
475
476 * Minimum voltage to power down – a minimum voltage level of the battery below which the BMS commands to shut down the battery, V;
477 * Idle time to power down – a time of battery inactivity after which the battery is shut down, minute;
478 * Wait the "Power up/down request" is cleared (on startup) – a flag to enable delay for clearing the “Power up/down request” signal while starting the BMS.
479
480 === Heater ===
481
482 To change the parameters of the heater control algorithm, select the "Control → Heater" section:
483
484 [[image:1733746808496-606.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="116" width="800"]]
485
486 In this section:
487
488 * Enable – a flag to enable heater control;
489 * Minimum cell temperature, °C;
490 * Tolerant cell temperature, °C;
491 * Delay before starting the heater, millisecond;
492 * Delay before stopping the heater, millisecond;
493 * Switch off the heater on errors (Undervoltage, Overcurrent, High temperature, Short circuit or Critical error).
494
495 As a result of operating the heating algorithm, the “Heater” signal is generated.
496
497 Conditions for signal generation:
498
499 * The minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell temperature” value during the “Delay before starting the heater” time.
500
501 Conditions for clearing the signal:
502
503 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell temperature” value during the “Delay before stopping the heater” time.
504
505 (% class="box infomessage" %)
506 (((
507 If there is the "Heater" signal, the heater contactor closes and/or a signal is output to the corresponded digital output.
508 )))
509
510 === Cooler ===
511
512 To change the parameters of the cooler control algorithm, select the "Control → Cooler" section:
513
514 [[image:1733746808497-424.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="113" width="800"]]
515
516 In this section:
517
518 * Enable – a flag to enable cooler control;
519 * Maximum cell temperature, °C;
520 * Tolerant cell temperature, °C;
521 * Delay before starting the cooler, millisecond;
522 * Delay before stopping the cooler, millisecond;
523 * Switch off the cooler contactor on errors (Undervoltage, Overcurrent, Low temperature, Short circuit or Critical error).
524
525 As a result of operating the cooling algorithm, the "Cooler" signal is generated.
526
527 Conditions for signal generation:
528
529 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell temperature” value during the “Delay before starting the cooler” time.
530
531 Conditions for clearing the signal:
532
533 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell temperature” value during the “Delay before stopping the cooler” time.
534
535 (% class="box infomessage" %)
536 (((
537 If there is the "Cooler" signal, the cooler contactor closes and/or a signal is output to the corresponded digital output.
538 )))
539
540 === Cell analysis ===
541
542 Discharge characteristics of the battery – the dependence Uocv = Uocv (DOD) – is used to determine the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t °C), which is necessary for calculating the state of charge of the battery.
543
544 The BMS Mini device can automatically determine the battery discharge characteristic.
545
546 Before starting the process of determining the discharge characteristic, it is necessary to prepare a BMS:
547
548 1. Charge the battery.
549 1. Connect a resistive load to the discharging contactor, which will provide a discharge current of 0.5C (where C is the cell capacitance).
550
551 To configure parameters for determining the discharge characteristic of the battery, select the "Control → Cell analysis" section:
552
553 [[image:1733746808498-116.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="103" width="800"]]
554
555 In this section:
556
557 * Enable – a flag to enable cell analysis;
558 * Discharge step, Ah;
559 * Delta voltage – a maximum allowable voltage drop for the cell, V;
560 * Cell index – a position of the analyzed cell;
561 * Analyse the most discharged cell – a flag to analyse of the least charged cell (in this case, the value “Cell index” is ignored).
562
563 Discharge step should be set equal to
564
565 Discharge step= С/21,
566
567 where C is the cell capacity.
568
569 The discharge characteristic will be constructed for the given cell (its position is determined by the field “Cell index”).
570
571 The algorithm for determining the discharge characteristic of the battery will be started if the “Enable” flag is set. From this moment, the control of the discharge contactor is performed by this algorithm.
572
573 Algorithm steps:
574
575 1. DOD = 0.
576 1. Opening the discharging contactor.
577 1. Waiting for the relaxation of the battery.
578 1. Measuring Uocv = U.
579 1. Saving the point of the discharge characteristic (Q, U,,OCV,,).
580 1. Closing of the discharging contactor. DOD,,1,, = DOD + Discharge step, U,,1,, = U
581 1. If DOD = DOD,,1,, or U < (U,,1,, – Delta voltage), then go to step 2.
582 1. If the "Undervoltage" error is detected, then the end of the algorithm.
583
584 During the operation of the algorithm, a file with the name "CELLANALYSIS.TXT" in the CSV format will be created on the SD card.
585
586 File structure:
587
588 |**Time**|**DOD**|**Cell**|**OCV**|**Resistance**
589 |**10.11.2017 12:28:34**|0.0|1|4.180|0.080000
590 |**...**|...|…|...|...
591
592 Parameter names:
593
594 * Time – date and time;
595 * DOD – depth of discharge, Ah;
596 * Cell – position of the analyzed cell for which OCV and Resistance values are provided;
597 * OCV – cell voltage Uocv, V;
598 * Resistance – cell resistance, Ohm.