Skip to Content

Wiki source code of 3.3 Control

Version 11.1 by Admin on 2025/02/24 11:31
Show last authors
1 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
2 = Settings =
3
4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
5 == Control ==
6
7 === Common settings ===
8
9 To change the common BMS settings, select the "Control → Common settings" section:
10
11 [[image:1740394523706-519.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="127" width="800"]]
12
13 In this section:
14
15 * Cell capacity – nominal capacity of cells, Ah;
16 * Cell resistance – nominal (maximum) internal resistance of the cell, Ohm;
17 * Relax time (after charging) – a relaxation time after charging, second;
18 * Relax time (atfer discharging) – the relaxation time after discharging, second;
19 * Reset parameters– a command to reset cells state of charge, capacity, and resistance.
20
21 The values “Capacity” and “Resistance” are used to calculate the SOC of cells and the battery.
22
23 The values of “Relax time” are used to determine the state of the battery. If the battery is in a state of relaxation, the system recalculates the voltage on the cells to the state of charge of the battery.
24
25 The “Reset parameters” will reset:
26
27 * state of charge (new cell SOC values will be calculated based on cell voltage and “Uocv (open-circuit voltage) table”: in the “Control → SOC estimation” section);
28 * cell resistance to “Cell resistance” value;
29 * battery capacity to “Cell capacity” value.
30
31 The “Reset parameters” command is used for starting-up and adjustment of the battery.
32
33 === SOC estimation ===
34
35 The BMS Mini device calculates the state of charge of the battery (SOC) using two algorithms:
36
37 * by open circuit voltage;
38 * by voltage and current.
39
40 It is recommended to use the algorithm of calculation of SOC by voltage and current.
41
42 To change the estimation algorithm for calculating the battery SOC, select the "Control → SOC estimation → Algorithm" section:
43
44 [[image:1733746733477-590.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="166" width="800"]]
45
46 The following estimation algorithms supported:
47
48 * Voltage – by open circuit voltage;
49 * Current and voltage (simplified);
50 * Current and voltage (enhanced);
51
52 The **“Voltage”** SOC calculation algorithm calculates cells SOC based on the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t °C).
53
54 The **“Current and voltage (simplified)”** SOC calculation algorithm works as follows:
55
56 * if I = 0, the battery is in a state of relaxation and the cell voltage Uocv is outside the [U,,ocv[point 1],,; U,,ocv[point 2],,], the SOC calculation based on the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t °C);
57 * in any other cases, the SOC value is proportional to the charge (coulomb) passed through the battery (current time integral).
58
59 The **“Current and voltage (enhanced)” **SOC calculation algorithm differs from the simplified algorithm by online correction of effective capacitance. When using this algorithm, it is necessary to fine tune the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t °C).
60
61 To change the algorithm for calculating the Final SOC, select the "Control → SOC estimation → Final SOC" section:
62
63 [[image:1733746733478-414.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="167" width="800"]]
64
65 The following battery Final SOC calculation methods are supported:
66
67 * Minimal SOC – SOC of the modular battery is assumed to be the minimum SOC among the battery modules;
68 * Average SOC – SOC of the modular battery is taken equal to the arithmetic average of the SOC of the battery modules;
69 * Min-Max SOC – the battery SOC is calculated based on the minimum and maximum SOC of the cells. Final SOC will be a) 100% if any cell has 100% SOC, b) 0% if any cell has 0% SOC;
70 * Max-Min SOC – the battery SOC is calculated based on the minimum and maximum SOC of the cells. Final SOC will be a) 100% if all cells have 100% SOC, b) 0% if all cells have 0% SOC.
71
72 Other parameters:
73
74 * Scale the final SOC – a flag to scale the battery SOC by the following values;
75 * SOC corresponding to 0% – the battery SOC that sets to be 0%;
76 * SOC corresponding to 100% – the battery SOC that sets to be 100%.
77 * Uocv (open-circuit voltage) table – the dependence of the cell open circuit voltage Uocv on SOC and the cell temperature (selected for specific batteries);
78 * Linear zone - linear zone of the Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t°C) dependency, inside which the cell voltage changes insignificantly:
79 ** Linear zone: point 1 – starting point of the Uocv linear zone;
80 ** Linear zone: point 2 – ending point of the Uocv linear zone;
81 * Coulomb counting correction (temperature) – the dependence of battery capacity on temperature;
82 * Coulomb counting correction (cycles) – the dependence of battery capacity on the number of charge-discharge cycles.
83
84 === SOC correction ===
85
86 The BMS Mini device can recalculate the battery SOC after long-term storage or after long-term working in the case when the battery was not charged fully or discharged totally. Recalculation is done based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t) (see [[SOC estimation>>doc:||anchor="HSOCestimation"]]).
87
88 To configure parameters for periodically correcting the battery state of charge, select the "Control → SOC correction" section:
89
90 [[image:1733746733483-444.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="160" width="800"]]
91
92 In this section:
93
94 * Enable – a flag to enable SOC correction;
95 * Shutdown period – a time the battery is off, day. If the BMS detects on its startup that it was off during the “Shutdown period” time, the BMS recalculates the battery state of charge based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t);
96 * Correction period – a period of correcting the battery SOC, day. If the BMS detects that the last correction was more than the “Correction period” ago, the BMS recalculates the battery state of charge based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t) and tunes it gradually during the “SOC change time”.
97 * SOC change time – a duration of the linear changing the battery SOC to the value calculated by the correction algorithm, minute;
98 * Ignore the linear zone – a flag to ignore linear SOC zone while correction;
99 * Last correction timestamp – time when last correction was made.
100
101 === Resistance estimation ===
102
103 Calculation of the resistance of cells is carried out in two ways. The first method is used when the battery passes from a relaxation state to a charge or discharge state, wherein the cell resistance value
104
105 {{formula fontSize="SMALL" imageType="PNG"}}
106 R = \frac{U-U_{ocv}}{I_{stable}}
107 {{/formula}}
108
109 where U is the cell voltage measured in the charge or discharge state, V; U,,ocv,, is the cell voltage measured in the state of relaxation (before switching to the state of charge or discharge); I,,stable,, – stabilized current through the cell in the state of charge or discharge.
110
111 The second method is used for a stepwise change in the current through the cell, while the value of the cell resistance:
112
113 {{formula fontSize="SMALL"}}
114 R = \frac{U_2-U_1}{I_{stable2}-I_{stable1}}
115 {{/formula}}
116
117 provided that
118
119 {{formula fontSize="SMALL"}}
120 | I_{stable2}-I_{stable1} | > 0.2 × Qmax
121 {{/formula}}
122
123 where Q,,max,, — the maximum cell capacity,U,,2,, — voltage on the cell at the moment when the stabilized current I,,stable2,, is flowing through it; U,,1,, — the voltage on the cell at the moment when the stabilized current I,,stable1,, flowing through it.
124
125 The stabilized current I,,stable,, = I, if during the stabilization time the instantaneous current I is in the range from 0.95 × I to 1.05 × I.
126
127 To change parameters of the algorithm for calculating the cell resistance, select the "Control → Resistance estimation" section:
128
129 [[image:1733746733484-681.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="104" width="800"]]
130
131 In this section:
132
133 * Current stabilization time, millisecond;
134 * Maximum calculation period – maximum time between resistance measurements. If more time has elapsed since the last determination of the stabilized current I,,stable,, than is determined in this field, the resistance calculation is not performed, second;
135 * Maximum resistance factor – the coefficient of calculation of the maximum acceptable resistance of the cell;
136 * Minimum SOC – minimum cell SOC value for resistance calculation;
137 * Maximum SOC – maximum cell SOC value for resistance calculation.
138
139 The calculated resistance is accepted by the system as valid (and therefore updated) if its value is in the range from Resistance/2 to “Maximum resistance factor” × Resistance, where "Resistance" is the nominal resistance of the cell (see [[Common settings>>doc:||anchor="HCommonsettings"]]). If the calculated resistance value is greater than the value (Maximum resistance factor × Resistance), the updated resistance value will be equal to the value (Maximum resistance factor × Resistance).
140
141 === Low SOC (signal) ===
142
143 To change the parameters of the generation a signal about low battery level, select the "Control → Low SOC (signal)" section:
144
145 [[image:1740396460923-423.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="141" width="800"]]
146
147 In this section:
148
149 * Enable – a flag to enable signal generation;
150 * Minimum SOC, %;
151 * Tolerant SOC, %;
152 * Delay before setting the signal, second;
153 * Delay before clearing the signal, second;
154 * Lock – lock the signal until the device is reset.
155
156 Signal generation conditions:
157
158 * the battery SOC is less than the “Minimum SOC” value during the “Delay before setting the signal” time.
159
160 Conditions for clearing the signal:
161
162 * the battery SOC is greater than the “Tolerant SOC” during the “Delay before clearing the signal” time.
163
164 (% class="box infomessage" %)
165 (((
166 The "Low SOC signal" is indicative and can be output to a discrete output or a power switch.
167 )))
168
169 === Charge map ===
170
171 The BMS Mini device calculates maximum allowable charge current values in respect to SOC, battery temperature, contactor temperature and cell voltage.
172
173 Calculated current values are sending to a charger or an intellectual load over the CAN bus.
174
175 To configure parameters for determining the charge current limit, select the "Control → Charge map" section:
176
177 [[image:1733746766504-864.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
178
179 In this section:
180
181 * Enable – a flag to start calculation of the charge current limit;
182 * Maximum charge current – a maximum allowable value of the charge current (under normal conditions):
183 * Option 1: Limit charge current by the battery SOC and temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current Kcs depending on SOC and battery temperature;
184 * Option 1: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and battery temperature;
185
186 [[image:1733746766506-660.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="196" width="800"]]
187
188 * Option 2: Limit charge current by the contactor temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current Kcc depending on contactor temperature;
189 * Option 2: Contactor temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and contactor temperature;
190
191 [[image:1733746766508-178.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="184" width="800"]]
192
193 * Option 3: Limit charge current by the maximum cell voltage - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current Kcv depending on maximum cell voltage;
194 * Option 3: Cell voltage x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on maximum cell voltage.
195
196 [[image:1733746766509-971.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="217" width="800"]]
197
198 Value of the charge current limit at given SOC, temperature, contactors temperature and maximum cell voltage is calculated as follows:
199
200 Charging current limit = Maximum charging current × Kcs × Kcc × Kcv
201
202 === Discharge map ===
203
204 The BMS Mini device calculates maximum allowable discharge current values in respect to SOC, battery temperature, contactor temperature and cell voltage.
205
206 Calculated current values are sending to a charger or an intellectual load over the CAN bus.
207
208 To configure parameters for determining the discharge current limit, select the "Control → Discharge map" section:
209
210 [[image:1733746766511-477.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="149" width="800"]]
211
212 In this section:
213
214 * Enable – a flag to start calculation of the discharge current limit;
215 * Maximum discharge current – a maximum allowable value of the discharge current (under normal conditions):
216 * Option 1: Limit discharging current by the battery SOC and temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current Kds depending on SOC and temperature;
217 * Option 1: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and battery temperature;
218
219 [[image:1733746766512-300.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="195" width="800"]]
220
221 * Option 2: Limit discharge current by the contactor temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current Kdc depending on contactor temperature;
222 * Option 2: Contactor temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and contactor temperature;
223
224 [[image:1733746766513-161.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="183" width="800"]]
225
226 * Option 3: Limit discharge current by the cell voltage - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current Kdv depending on minimum cell voltage;
227 * Option 3: Cell voltage x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on minimum cell voltage.
228
229 [[image:1733746766514-686.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="215" width="800"]]
230
231 Value of the discharge current limit at given SOC, temperature, contactors temperature and minimum cell voltage is calculated as follows:
232
233 Discharging current limit = Maximum discharging current × Kds × Kdc × Kdv
234
235 === Charge ===
236
237 There are two contactors that serve charging the battery: a charging contactor and an allow charging contactor. With the help of the allow charging contactor, the BMS commands the charger to start or stop charging.
238
239 The device supports three charge control algorithms:
240
241 * charging is always allowed;
242 * charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charger connected”;
243 * charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charge request”.
244
245 If the "**Always on**" algorithm is selected, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor are always closed. If at least one of the errors appears:
246
247 * Overvoltage;
248 * Overcurrent;
249 * High temperature (CH);
250 * Low temperature (CH);
251 * HYG offline (optional);
252 * Combilift offline (optional);
253 * Spirit offline (optional);
254 * Spirit charger error (optional);
255 * Short circuit (optional);
256 * High contactor temperature (optional);
257 * CH contactor cycles error;
258 * Critical error
259
260 both contactors are open (no current flows).
261
262 When the algorithm "**On Charger connected**" is selected, the control is performed as follows:
263
264 * If there is a signal “Charger connected” and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor close;
265 * If the signal “Charger connected” disappears, the allow charging contactor opens and after the delay time T,,off,, the charging contactor opens;
266 * If in the process of charging the voltage on the cell exceeds the “Ready to charge” level, the allow charging contactor opens (while the charging contactor remains closed);
267 * If errors in the list above occur the charging contactor and allow charging contactor open.
268
269 When the "**On Charge request**" algorithm selected, the control is performed as follows:
270
271 * If there is a signal “Charge request” and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor close;
272 * If the signal “Charge request” disappears, the allow charging contactor opens and after the delay time T,,off,, the charging contactor opens;
273 * If in the process of charging the voltage on the cell exceeds the “Ready to charge” level, the allow charging contactor opens (while the charging contactor remains closed);
274 * If errors in the list above occur the charging contactor and allow charging contactor open.
275
276 (% class="box infomessage" %)
277 (((
278 Note: when errors occur in the system, the **charging **contactor opens either immediately or with the delay T,,off,, (depends on the settings described below).
279 )))
280
281 When the power down request occurs, the allow charging contactor opens immediately and the charging contactor opens after the delay T,,off,,. Reclosing the charging contactor and allow charging contactor is performed if the power down request is removed.
282
283 To change the parameters of the battery charge control algorithm, select the "Control → Charge" section:
284
285 [[image:1733746766516-845.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="319" width="800"]]
286
287 In this section:
288
289 * Enable – a flag to activate the charge control;
290 * Algorithm:
291 ** Always on – charging is always allowed;
292 ** On charger connected – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charger connected”;
293 ** On charge request – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charge request”;
294 * Current corresponding to charging – a current level to generate the "Charging current present" signal, A;
295 * Current corresponding to no charging – a current level to clear the "Charging current present" signal, A;
296 * Delay before starting charging – a time delay T,,on,, before closing the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor, millisecond;
297 * Delay before stopping charging – a time delay T,,off,, before opening the charging contactor, millisecond;
298 * Use custom delays before stopping charging (on errors) – a flag to enable manual settings of time delays T,,off,, for specific errors;
299 * Custom delay: <error> – specific error delay, millisecond;
300 * Switch off the charging contactor on errors without delay – a flag to protectively open the charging contactor without a delay. In the opposite case, when an error is detected, the charging contactor opens always with the delay “Delay before stopping charging”;
301 * Control the precharging contactor – a flag that allows control of the precharging contactor;
302 * Voltage to clear the “Ready to charge” – a threshold voltage level on the cell, V; if the voltage of any cell is above this level, the “Ready to charge” (hence, the “Allow charging”) signal is cleared;
303 * Voltage to reset the “Ready to charge” – a tolerant voltage level on the cell, V; if all cell voltages are below the tolerant level, the “Ready to charge” (hence, the “Allow charging”) signal is set;
304 * Delay before recharging – a time after which the previously opened the allow charging contactor closes again, minute; to disable the operation by timeout set "Delay before recharging" to 0.
305
306 (% class="box infomessage" %)
307 (((
308 Note – The allow charging contactor closes under two independent conditions: 1) the voltage on the cells reaches the “Voltage to reset the “Ready to charge"” level and 2) the "Delay before recharging" time has passed since the opening of the allow charging contactor.
309 )))
310
311 === Discharge ===
312
313 The device controls the discharging contactor to connect battery to the load.
314
315 The device supports three algorithms to control battery discharging:
316
317 * load is always connected;
318 * load is connected when there is no signal “Charger connected”;
319 * load is connected when there is signal “Discharge request”.
320
321 When the algorithm "**Always on**" is selected, the discharging contactor is always closed. If at least one of the errors appears:
322
323 * Undervoltage;
324 * Overvoltage (optional);
325 * Overcurrent;
326 * High temperature (DCH);
327 * Low temperature (DCH) (optional);
328 * HYG offline (optional);
329 * Combilift offline (optional);
330 * Spirit offline (optional);
331 * Spirit charger error (optional);
332 * Short circuit (optional);
333 * High contactor temperature (optional);
334 * DCH contactor cycles error;
335 * Critical error
336
337 the discharging contactor opens.
338
339 If the algorithm "**On Charger disconnected**" is selected, the control is performed as follows:
340
341 * if there is no signal “Charger connected”, the charging contactor is opened and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the discharging contactor closes;
342 * If the signal “Charger connected” appears or errors occur (see the list above), then after the delay time T,,off,, the discharging contactor opens.
343
344 When the "**On Discharge request**" algorithm selected, the control is performed as follows:
345
346 * if there is signal “Discharge request”, the charging contactor is opened and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the discharging contactor closes;
347 * If the signal “Discharge request” disappears or errors occur (see the list above), then after the delay time T,,off,, the discharging contactor opens.
348
349 (% class="box infomessage" %)
350 (((
351 Note: in case of errors in the system operation, the opening of the **discharging **contactor is performed either immediately or with a delay T,,off,, (depends on the settings described below).
352 )))
353
354 The device supports controlling the precharging contactor. The duration of switching on the precharging contactor before closing the discharging (load) contactor is adjusted.
355
356 When the power down request occurs, the discharging contactor opens after delay T,,off,,. Reclosing the discharging contactor is performed if the power down request is removed.
357
358 To change the parameters of the battery discharge control algorithm, select the "Control → Discharge" section:
359
360 [[image:1733746885414-479.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="319" width="800"]]
361
362 In this section:
363
364 * Enable – a flag to activate the discharge control;
365 * Algorithm:
366 ** Always on – load is always connected;
367 ** On charger disconnected – load is connected when there is no signal “Charger connected”;
368 ** On discharge request – load is connected when there is signal “Discharge request”;
369 * Current corresponding to discharging – a current level to generate the "Discharging current present" signal, А;
370 * Current indicating no discharging – a current level to clear the "Discharging current present" signal, А;
371 * Delay before starting discharging – a time delay T,,on,, before closing the discharging contactor, millisecond;
372 * Delay before stopping discharging – a time delay T,,off,, before opening the discharging contactor, millisecond;
373 * Use custom delays before stopping discharging (on errors) – a flag to enable manual settings of time delays T,,off,, for specific errors;
374 * Custom delay: <error> – specific error delay, millisecond;
375 * Switch off the discharging contactor on errors without delay – a flag to protectively open the discharging contactor without a delay. In the opposite case, when an error is detected, the discharging contactor opens always with the delay “Delay before stopping discharging”.
376 * Precharge time – a duration of closing the precharge contactor before closing the discharging contactor, millisecond;
377 * Voltage to clear the “Ready to discharge” – a threshold voltage level on the cell, V; if the voltage of any cell is below this level, the “Ready to discharge” signal is cleared;
378 * Voltage to reset the “Ready to discharge” – a tolerant voltage level on the cell, V; if all cells voltages are above the tolerant level, the “Ready to discharge” signal is set;
379
380 === Charge/Discharge ===
381
382 The BMS Mini device can control the charging/discharging contactor that is used to both charge and discharge the battery.
383
384 The charging/discharging contactor combines algorithms of charging and discharging contactor. It behaves as a charging contactor when «Charge request» or «Charger connected» are set, otherwise – as a discharging contactor.
385
386 The charging/discharging contactor control is configured in the “Control – Charge/Discharge” section:
387
388 [[image:1733746901779-991.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="95" width="800"]]In this section:
389
390 * Enable – a flag to enable the charge/discharge controller.
391
392 === Discharge (AUX) ===
393
394 The BMS Mini device can control the power supply of external equipment using the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor. An example of external equipment can be an inverter that converts DC to AC to power a service laptop and other devices.
395
396 The power supply circuit of the external equipment using the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor is independent of the battery load circuit. The closing and opening of the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor is performed according to its program.
397
398 If the power supply function of the external equipment is enabled, the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor closes. The opening of this contactor occurs on three independent conditions:
399
400 * the battery has low SOC;
401 * the battery voltage is out of range;
402 * the battery system errors are detected.
403
404 To change the parameters of the powering of external equipment, select the "Control → Discharge (AUX)" section:
405
406 [[image:1733746932199-845.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="137" width="800"]]
407
408 In this section:
409
410 * Enable – a flag to activate the auxiliary discharge control;
411 * Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor if the SOC is too low;
412 * Minimum SOC – a minimum SOC value, when reached, the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor opens, %;
413 * Tolerant SOC – a permissive SOC value, upon reaching which the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor re-closes, %;
414 * Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor if the battery voltage is out of the range;
415 * Minimum voltage – minimum battery voltage, V;
416 * Maximum voltage – maximum battery voltage, V;
417 * Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor on errors – the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor opens if the following errors occur: Undervoltage, Overcurrent, High temperature (DCH), Short circuit, Critical error.
418
419 === Main contactor ===
420
421 The BMS Mini device controls the main contactor. The main contactor is usually placed in the common (minus) battery line for opening the charge and discharge circuits in a case of sealing of the charging or discharging contactors.
422
423 The main contactor closes if there are no errors from the list below:
424
425 * Overcurrent;
426 * Undervoltage;
427 * Overvoltage;
428 * High temperature (CH);
429 * High temperature (DCH);
430 * Unallowable charging;
431 * Critical error.
432
433 The main contactor opens if the charging and discharging contactors are opened and any of the following conditions is met:
434
435 * charging or discharging current is detected during a set time;
436 * voltage of any cell is lower than the minimum cell voltage configured in the section "Protections → Undervoltage" during a set time;
437 * voltage of any cell is greater than the maximum cell voltage configured in the section "Protections → Overvoltage" during a set time;
438 * temperature of any cell is greater than the maximum cell temperature configured in the section "Protections → High temperature" during a set time;
439 * Critical error stays on during a set time.
440
441 To change the parameters of the main contactor, select the "Control → Main contactor" section:
442
443 [[image:1733746797002-498.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="93" width="800"]]
444
445 In this section:
446
447 * Enable – a flag to enable the main contactor control;
448 * Delay before opening the contactor – a time which is used to detect conditions for opening the contactor, second;
449 * Keep the contactor open until the device is restarted – a flag for keeping the main contactor opened until the system be reset.
450
451 === Cell balancing ===
452
453 Balancing makes the voltage of all cells be equal to the minimum cell voltage.
454
455 The following balancing rules are supported:
456
457 * only when the battery is charging (current I > 0) and some time until the battery is relaxed;
458 * when the battery is charging (current I > 0) or when the battery is in a state of relaxation;
459 * always (regardless of battery state).
460
461 A balancing resistor is connected to the cell if:
462
463 * the voltage on the cell is higher than the starting voltage of the balancing;
464 * the difference between the cell voltage and the minimum voltage among the cells of the battery is greater than the balancing deviation.
465
466 (% class="box infomessage" %)
467 (((
468 If the BMS Mini overheats, then the balancing of the cells connected to this device will not be performed.
469 )))
470
471 To change the cell balancing parameters, select the "Control → Cell balancing" section:
472
473 [[image:1733746797003-364.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="104" width="800"]]
474
475 In this section:
476
477 * Enable – a flag to enable cell balancing;
478 * Balancing rule:
479 ** Balance on charge;
480 ** Balance on charge or relaxed;
481 ** Balance always;
482
483 [[image:1733746797004-660.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="104" width="800"]]
484
485 * Minimum cell voltage to start balancing, V;
486 * Balancing deviation, V.
487
488 === Power down ===
489
490 The BMS Mini device can shut down itself if the battery voltage is low or the battery is idle for a long time.
491
492 Shutting down the battery system is performed according to the following conditions:
493
494 * the battery voltage is below the minimum level;
495 * the “Charger connected” signal is cleared for 60 seconds.
496
497 The BMS Mini device also shuts down the battery if it stays in the “Charging OFF”, “Discharging OFF”, “Relaxed (after charging)” or “Relaxed (after discharging)” for the set time.
498
499 To change the parameters of the power down control, select the "Control → Power down" section:
500
501 [[image:1733746797005-459.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="115" width="800"]]
502
503 In this section:
504
505 * Minimum voltage to power down – a minimum voltage level of the battery below which the BMS commands to shut down the battery, V;
506 * Idle time to power down – a time of battery inactivity after which the battery is shut down, minute;
507 * Wait the "Power up/down request" is cleared (on startup) – a flag to enable delay for clearing the “Power up/down request” signal while starting the BMS.
508
509 === Heater ===
510
511 To change the parameters of the heater control algorithm, select the "Control → Heater" section:
512
513 [[image:1733746808496-606.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="116" width="800"]]
514
515 In this section:
516
517 * Enable – a flag to enable heater control;
518 * Minimum cell temperature, °C;
519 * Tolerant cell temperature, °C;
520 * Delay before starting the heater, millisecond;
521 * Delay before stopping the heater, millisecond;
522 * Switch off the heater on errors (Undervoltage, Overcurrent, High temperature, Short circuit or Critical error).
523
524 As a result of operating the heating algorithm, the “Heater” signal is generated.
525
526 Conditions for signal generation:
527
528 * The minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell temperature” value during the “Delay before starting the heater” time.
529
530 Conditions for clearing the signal:
531
532 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell temperature” value during the “Delay before stopping the heater” time.
533
534 (% class="box infomessage" %)
535 (((
536 If there is the "Heater" signal, the heater contactor closes and/or a signal is output to the corresponded digital output.
537 )))
538
539 === Cooler ===
540
541 To change the parameters of the cooler control algorithm, select the "Control → Cooler" section:
542
543 [[image:1733746808497-424.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="113" width="800"]]
544
545 In this section:
546
547 * Enable – a flag to enable cooler control;
548 * Maximum cell temperature, °C;
549 * Tolerant cell temperature, °C;
550 * Delay before starting the cooler, millisecond;
551 * Delay before stopping the cooler, millisecond;
552 * Switch off the cooler contactor on errors (Undervoltage, Overcurrent, Low temperature, Short circuit or Critical error).
553
554 As a result of operating the cooling algorithm, the "Cooler" signal is generated.
555
556 Conditions for signal generation:
557
558 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell temperature” value during the “Delay before starting the cooler” time.
559
560 Conditions for clearing the signal:
561
562 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell temperature” value during the “Delay before stopping the cooler” time.
563
564 (% class="box infomessage" %)
565 (((
566 If there is the "Cooler" signal, the cooler contactor closes and/or a signal is output to the corresponded digital output.
567 )))
568
569 === Cell analysis ===
570
571 Discharge characteristics of the battery – the dependence Uocv = Uocv (DOD) – is used to determine the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t °C), which is necessary for calculating the state of charge of the battery.
572
573 The BMS Mini device can automatically determine the battery discharge characteristic.
574
575 Before starting the process of determining the discharge characteristic, it is necessary to prepare a BMS:
576
577 1. Charge the battery.
578 1. Connect a resistive load to the discharging contactor, which will provide a discharge current of 0.5C (where C is the cell capacitance).
579
580 To configure parameters for determining the discharge characteristic of the battery, select the "Control → Cell analysis" section:
581
582 [[image:1733746808498-116.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="103" width="800"]]
583
584 In this section:
585
586 * Enable – a flag to enable cell analysis;
587 * Discharge step, Ah;
588 * Delta voltage – a maximum allowable voltage drop for the cell, V;
589 * Cell index – a position of the analyzed cell;
590 * Analyse the most discharged cell – a flag to analyse of the least charged cell (in this case, the value “Cell index” is ignored).
591
592 Discharge step should be set equal to
593
594 Discharge step= С/21,
595
596 where C is the cell capacity.
597
598 The discharge characteristic will be constructed for the given cell (its position is determined by the field “Cell index”).
599
600 The algorithm for determining the discharge characteristic of the battery will be started if the “Enable” flag is set. From this moment, the control of the discharge contactor is performed by this algorithm.
601
602 Algorithm steps:
603
604 1. DOD = 0.
605 1. Opening the discharging contactor.
606 1. Waiting for the relaxation of the battery.
607 1. Measuring Uocv = U.
608 1. Saving the point of the discharge characteristic (Q, U,,OCV,,).
609 1. Closing of the discharging contactor. DOD,,1,, = DOD + Discharge step, U,,1,, = U
610 1. If DOD = DOD,,1,, or U < (U,,1,, – Delta voltage), then go to step 2.
611 1. If the "Undervoltage" error is detected, then the end of the algorithm.
612
613 During the operation of the algorithm, a file with the name "CELLANALYSIS.TXT" in the CSV format will be created on the SD card.
614
615 File structure:
616
617 |**Time**|**DOD**|**Cell**|**OCV**|**Resistance**
618 |**10.11.2017 12:28:34**|0.0|1|4.180|0.080000
619 |**...**|...|…|...|...
620
621 Parameter names:
622
623 * Time – date and time;
624 * DOD – depth of discharge, Ah;
625 * Cell – position of the analyzed cell for which OCV and Resistance values are provided;
626 * OCV – cell voltage Uocv, V;
627 * Resistance – cell resistance, Ohm.