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Wiki source code of 3.4 Protections

Version 4.1 by Admin on 2025/02/26 12:01
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Admin 1.1 1 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
2 = Settings =
3
4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="4" style="--numbered-headings-start: 3;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
5 == Protections ==
6
7 The BMS Mini device continuously monitors the state of the cells, the external environment and, when detecting abnormalities, protects the battery and system components from damage.
8
Admin 1.5 9 (% class="box errormessage" %)
10 (((
11 **Attention!**
12 Behavior of contactors at different errors is configured in **corresponding contactor settings**!
13 )))
14
Admin 1.1 15 === Overcurrent ===
16
17 The BMS Mini device performs the overcurrent protection depending on current sensor values.
18
19 To change the overcurrent protection of the battery, select the "Protections → Overcurrent" section:
20
21 [[image:1733748033234-868.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
22
23 In this section:
24
25 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
26 * Maximum charging current, А;
27 * Tolerant charging current, А;
28 * Maximum discharging current, А;
29 * Tolerant discharging current, А;
30 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
31 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
32 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
33
34 As a result of operation of the overcurrent protection, the "Overcurrent" error is generated.
35
36 Error generation conditions:
37
38 * the current is positive (charging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum charging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time;
39 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum discharging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
40
41 Conditions for removing the error:
42
43 * the current is positive (charging) or zero, and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant charging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time;
44 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant discharging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
45
Admin 2.2 46 === Charge current limit ===
47
Admin 3.2 48 The BMS Mini device can check if the charging current exceeds the estimated limit based on the [[Charge map>>doc:Battery management systems.BMS Mini S.3\. Configuration.3\.3 Control.WebHome||anchor="HChargemap"]]. If current exceeds the calculated limit more than configured difference, "Current limit" error is generated.
Admin 2.2 49
50 Current difference is separated to two regions by the threshold value. Maximum current in Region 1 is calculated by the absolute difference, in Region 2 – by the relative difference.
51
52 To change the overcurrent protection of the battery, select the "Protections → Charge current limit" section:
53
Admin 3.2 54 [[image:1740571132019-848.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="143" width="800"]]
Admin 2.2 55
56 In this section:
57
58 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
59 * Threshold to switch from Region 1 to Region 2 – a current value at which current excess calculation will be switched from absolute to relative difference, A;
Admin 3.2 60 * Region 1: Current difference – a value of maximum absolute current difference, A;
Admin 2.2 61 * Region 2: Current difference – a value of maximum relative current excess, A;
62 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
63 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
64 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
65
Admin 1.1 66 === Undervoltage ===
67
68 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low voltage on the cells.
69
70 To change the battery protection parameters from low voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Undervoltage" section:
71
72 [[image:1733748033237-837.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="127" width="800"]]
73
74 In this section:
75
76 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
77 * Minimum cell voltage, V;
78 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
79 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
80 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
81 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
82
83 As a result of the operation of battery protection from low voltage, the "Undervoltage" error is generated.
84
85 Error generation conditions:
86
87 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
88
89 Conditions for removing the error:
90
91 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
92
93 === Overvoltage ===
94
95 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high voltage on the cells.
96
97 To change the battery protection parameters from high voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Overvoltage" section:
98
99 [[image:1733748033238-995.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
100
101 In this section:
102
103 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
104 * Maximum cell voltage, V;
105 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
106 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
107 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
108 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Overvoltage" error is generated;
109 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
110
111 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high voltage, the "Overvoltage" error is generated.
112
113 Error generation conditions:
114
115 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
116
117 Conditions for removing the error:
118
119 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
120
121 === Low temperature ===
122
123 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low temperature.
124
125 To change the battery protection parameters from low temperature, select the "Protections → Low temperature" section:
126
127 [[image:1733748045675-570.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="137" width="800"]]
128
129 In this section:
130
131 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
132 * Minimum charge temperature, °C;
133 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
134 * Minimum discharge temperature, °C;
135 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
136 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
137 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
138 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
139
140 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from low temperature, the "Low temperature (CH)" and/or “Low temperature (DCH)” error are generated.
141
142 Error generation conditions:
143
144 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
145
146 Conditions for removing the error:
147
148 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
149
150 === High temperature ===
151
152 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high temperature.
153
154 To change the battery protection parameters from high temperature, select the "Protections → High temperature" section:
155
156 [[image:1733748045683-426.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
157
158 In this section:
159
160 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
161 * Maximum charge temperature, °C;
162 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
163 * Maximum discharge temperature, °C;
164 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
165 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
166 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
167 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
168
169 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high temperature, the "High temperature (CH)" or “High temperature (DCH)” error is generated.
170
171 Error generation conditions:
172
173 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
174
175 Conditions for removing the error:
176
177 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
178
179 === Battery cover ===
180
181 To change the protection parameters from opening the battery cover, select the "Protections → Battery cover" section:
182
183 [[image:1733748045685-763.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="92" width="800"]]
184
185 In this section:
186
187 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
188 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
189 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
190 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
191
192 As a result of the operation of the protection against opening the battery cover, the “Battery cover error” is generated.
193
194 Error generation conditions:
195
196 * there is a signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
197
198 Conditions for removing the error:
199
200 * no signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
201
202 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
203 (((
Admin 1.6 204 If there is the "Battery cover error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
Admin 1.1 205 )))
206
207 === Cell monitor offline ===
208
209 The BMS Mini device checks if there is connection with cell monitor and set an error if not.
210
211 To change the cell monitor offline protection parameters, select the "Protections → Cell monitor offline" section:
212
213 [[image:1733748045686-719.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="93" width="800"]]
214
215 In this section:
216
217 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
218 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
219
220 As a result of the operation of the protection from the cell monitor offline, the "Cell monitor offline error" is generated.
221
222 Error generation conditions:
223
224 * there is not connection with the cell monitor.
225
226 Conditions for removing the error:
227
228 * connection with the cell monitor is established.
229
230 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
231 (((
Admin 1.7 232 If there is the " Cell monitor offline error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
Admin 1.1 233 )))
234
235 === Cell count ===
236
237 To change the protection parameters from the mismatch of the number of cells to the set value, select the "Protections → Cell count" section:
238
239 [[image:1733748057078-555.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="103" width="800"]]
240
241 In this section:
242
243 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
244 * Number of cells – a number of cells connected to the BMS;
245 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
246 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
247 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
248
249 As a result of the operation of the protection from the mismatch of the number of cells, the "Cell count error" is generated.
250
251 Error generation conditions:
252
253 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **not equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
254
255 Conditions for removing the error:
256
257 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
258
259 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
260 (((
Admin 1.7 261 If there is the "Cell count error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
Admin 1.1 262 )))
263
264 === Short circuit ===
265
266 The BMS Mini device implements a protection of power circuits (contactors, power wires) against overheating caused by the flow of high current for a long time.
267
268 To change the protection parameters from short circuit, select the "Protections → Short circuit" section:
269
270 [[image:1733748057080-806.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="213" width="800"]]
271
272 In this section:
273
274 * Level 1, 2, 3 – three protection levels. The following parameters are configured at each level:
275 ** Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
276 ** Maximum current, A;
277 ** Delay before setting the error, second;
278 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
279 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
280 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
281 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
282
283 If there is a short circuit, the "Short circuit" error is generated.
284
285 Error generation conditions:
286
287 * at any of the three protection levels, the current modulo is greater than the “Maximum current” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
288
289 Conditions for removing the error:
290
291 * the current modulo is lower than the “Maximum current” values for all three protection levels during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
292
293 === High contactor temperature ===
294
295 The BMS Mini device protects power contactors from overheating. To measure the temperature of the contactor, one of the thermistors connected to the X6 connector is used.
296
297 To change the overheating protection parameters of power contactors, select the "Protections → High contactor temperature" section:
298
299 [[image:1733748057082-234.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="183" width="800"]]
300
301 In this section:
302
303 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
304 * Thermistor – a selection of which cell thermistor will be used as contactor temperature sensor;
305 * Maximum contactor temperature, °C;
306 * Tolerant contactor temperature, °C;
307 * Delay before setting the error, second;
308 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
309 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
310 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
311 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
312
313 If there is a contactor overheat, the "High contactor temperature" error is generated.
314
315 Error generation conditions:
316
317 * the contactor temperature is greater than the “Maximum temperature” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
318
319 Conditions for removing the error:
320
321 * the contactor temperature is lower than the “Tolerant temperature” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
322
323 If there is the "High contactor temperature" error, the **charging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the charging contactor on error” flag is set) and the **discharging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error” flag is set).
324
325 === Current sensor ===
326
327 The BMS Mini device checks the current sensor connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit to the +5 V supply line.
328
329 To change the test parameters of the current sensor connection circuits, select the "Protections → Current sensor" section:
330
331 [[image:1733748057083-985.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
332
333 In this section:
334
335 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
336 * Maximum voltage, V;
337 * Minimum voltage, V;
338 * Voltage hysteresis – a hysteresis value to clear the error, V;
339 * Delay before setting the error, second;
340 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
341 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
342
343 If there is an open or short circuit connection of a current sensor, the "Current sensor error" is generated.
344
345 Error generation conditions:
346
347 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is greater than the “Maximum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time;
348 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is less than the “Minimum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
349
350 Conditions for removing the error:
351
352 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is in range from (Minimum voltage + Voltage hysteresis) to (Maximum voltage - Voltage hysteresis) during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
353
354 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
355 (((
Admin 1.7 356 If there is the “Current sensor error”, the **“Critical error” **is generated.
Admin 1.1 357 )))
358
359 === Charge contactor cycles ===
360
361 The BMS Mini device protects the charging contactor against frequent switching.
362
363 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the charging contactor, select the "Protections → Charge contactor cycles" section:
364
365 [[image:1733748068419-377.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="140" width="800"]]
366
367 In this section:
368
369 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
370 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated;
371 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
372 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
373 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
374 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
375 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
376
377 If there is the high switching frequency of the charging contactor, the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated.
378
379 Error generation conditions:
380
381 * the number of switchings of the charging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
382
383 Conditions for removing the error:
384
385 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
386
387 === Discharge contactor cycles protection ===
388
389 The BMS Mini device protects the discharging contactor against frequent switching.
390
391 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the discharging contactor, select the "Protections → Discharging contactor cycles" section:
392
393 [[image:1733748068420-615.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
394
395 In this section:
396
397 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
398 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated;
399 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
400 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
401 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
402 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
403 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
404
405 If there is the high switching frequency of the discharging contactor, the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated.
406
407 Error generation conditions:
408
409 * the number of switchings of the discharging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
410
411 Conditions for removing the error:
412
413 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
414
415 === Temperature sensors ===
416
417 The BMS Mini device checks the temperature sensors connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit.
418
419 To change the protection parameters of the temperature sensors circuits, select the "Protections → Temperature sensors" section:
420
421 [[image:1733748068421-819.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="115" width="800"]]
422
423 In this section:
424
425 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
426 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
427 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
428 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
429
430 If there are no temperature sensors connected to the BMS Mini or any temperature sensor is shorted, the "No temp. sensors" error and "Temp. sensor is shorted" error are generated respectively. These errors generated and removed with the “Delay before setting the error” and “Delay before clearing the error” delays.
431
432 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
433 (((
Admin 1.8 434 If there is the “No temp. sensors” or “Temp. sensor is shorted” error, the **“Critical error” **is generated.
Admin 1.1 435 )))
436
437 === WDT reset ===
438
439 If the BMS firmware hangs, the watchdog timer resets the device. The BMS can detect that the device was reset and generates the “WDT reset” error.
440
441 To change the parameters of the watchdog protection, select the "Protections → WDT reset" section:
442
443 [[image:1733748068422-188.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
444
445 In this section:
446
447 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
448 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
449 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
450
451 Conditions for removing the error:
452
453 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed from the device startup.
454
455 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
456 (((
Admin 1.8 457 If there is the "WDT reset" error, the **“Critical error” **is generated.
Admin 1.1 458 )))
459
460 === Unallowable charging ===
461
462 The BMS can detect that the battery is charging through the discharging circuit and protectively open the discharging contactor to prevent unallowable battery operation.
463
464 To change the parameters of the unallowable charging protection, select the "Protections → Unallowable charging" section:
465
466 [[image:1733748083466-209.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
467
468 In this section:
469
470 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
471 * Delay before setting the error, second;
472 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
473 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
474
475 If there is charging the battery through the discharging circuit detected, the "Unallowable charging" error is generated.
476
477 Error generation conditions:
478
479 * the charging contactor is open and the battery current is not zero during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
480
481 Conditions for removing the error:
482
483 * the battery current is zero during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
484
485 === Stuck contactor ===
486
487 The BMS Mini device protects contactors against sticking.
488
489 To change the protection parameters against sticking, select the "Protections → Stuck contactor" section:
490
491 [[image:1733748083467-352.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
492
493 In this section:
494
495 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
496 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
497 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
498 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
499
Admin 1.8 500 If there is a stuck contactor, the “Stuck contactor” error is generated. Error generation conditions:
Admin 1.1 501
502 * charging and discharging contactors are open, but the “Charging current present” or “Discharging current present” signal is set.
503
504 === Contactor feedback ===
505
506 The BMS Mini device can receive feedback signals from contactors and detect discrepancy between the control value and the feedback signal. To enable specific contactor protection, the feedback signal must be connected to corresponding contactor feedback pin on X1 header.
507
508 To change the contactor feedback check parameters, select the "Protections → Contactor feedback" section:
509
510 [[image:1733748083468-378.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
511
512 In this section:
513
514 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
515 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
516 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
517 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
518
519 If there is a discrepancy at any contactor, the corresponding contactor feedback error is generated. Error generation conditions:
520
521 * a command for charging, precharge, discharging, charging/discharging or main contactor not matches its feedback value.
522
523 === Insulation ===
524
525 The BMS Mini device can detect a signal from an external insulation monitoring device (such as Bender IR155) to monitor the insulation quality.
526
527 To change the insulation monitoring parameters, select the "Protections → Insulation" section:
528
529 [[image:1733748083469-478.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
530
531 In this section:
532
533 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
534 * Delay before setting the error, second;
535 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
536 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
537
538 Error is set if corresponding discrete input is set up and it receives logical zero.
539
540 === Critical error ===
541
542 To change the critical error parameters, select the "Protections → Critical error" section:
543
544 [[image:1733748083469-183.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
545
546 In this section:
547
548 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
549 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
550 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
551 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
552
553 The critical error flag is generated if at least one of the following errors is generated during the “Delay before setting the error” time:
554
555 * “Battery cover error”;
556 * “Cell monitor offline”;
557 * “Cell count error”;
558 * “ADC error”;
559 * “Current sensor error”;
560 * “Shunt offline”;
561 * “Shunt error”;
562 * “No temp. sensors”;
563 * “Temp. sensor is shorted”;
564 * “Settings error”;
565 * “WDT reset”;
566 * “Stuck contactor”;
567 * “Contactor feedback error”;
568 * “Insulation fault”.
569
570 The “Critical error” is cleared if there are no errors from the list above during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.