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Wiki source code of 3.4 Protections

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1 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
2 = Settings =
3
4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="4" style="--numbered-headings-start: 3;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
5 == Protections ==
6
7 The BMS Mini device continuously monitors the state of the cells, the external environment and, when detecting abnormalities, protects the battery and system components from damage.
8
9 (% class="box errormessage" %)
10 (((
11 **Attention!**
12 Behavior of contactors at different errors is configured in **corresponding contactor settings**!
13 )))
14
15 === Overcurrent ===
16
17 The BMS Mini device performs the overcurrent protection depending on current sensor values.
18
19 To change the overcurrent protection of the battery, select the "Protections → Overcurrent" section:
20
21 [[image:1733748033234-868.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
22
23 In this section:
24
25 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
26 * Maximum charging current, А;
27 * Tolerant charging current, А;
28 * Maximum discharging current, А;
29 * Tolerant discharging current, А;
30 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
31 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
32 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
33
34 As a result of operation of the overcurrent protection, the "Overcurrent" error is generated.
35
36 Error generation conditions:
37
38 * the current is positive (charging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum charging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time;
39 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum discharging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
40
41 Conditions for removing the error:
42
43 * the current is positive (charging) or zero, and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant charging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time;
44 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant discharging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
45
46 === Charge current limit ===
47
48 The BMS Main 3 device can check if the charging current exceeds the estimated limit based on the [[Charge map>>url:https://docs.movicomelectric.com/bin/view/Battery%20management%20systems/BMS%20Main%203/3.%20Configuration/3.3%20Control/#HChargemap]]. If current exceeds the calculated limit more than configured difference, "Current limit" error is generated.
49
50 Current difference is separated to two regions by the threshold value. Maximum current in Region 1 is calculated by the absolute difference, in Region 2 – by the relative difference.
51
52 To change the overcurrent protection of the battery, select the "Protections → Charge current limit" section:
53
54
55 In this section:
56
57 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
58 * Threshold to switch from Region 1 to Region 2 – a current value at which current excess calculation will be switched from absolute to relative difference, A;
59 * Region 1: Current difference – a value of maximum absolute current diffr, A;
60 * Region 2: Current difference – a value of maximum relative current excess, A;
61 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
62 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
63 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
64
65 === Undervoltage ===
66
67 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low voltage on the cells.
68
69 To change the battery protection parameters from low voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Undervoltage" section:
70
71 [[image:1733748033237-837.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="127" width="800"]]
72
73 In this section:
74
75 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
76 * Minimum cell voltage, V;
77 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
78 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
79 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
80 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
81
82 As a result of the operation of battery protection from low voltage, the "Undervoltage" error is generated.
83
84 Error generation conditions:
85
86 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
87
88 Conditions for removing the error:
89
90 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
91
92 === Overvoltage ===
93
94 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high voltage on the cells.
95
96 To change the battery protection parameters from high voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Overvoltage" section:
97
98 [[image:1733748033238-995.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
99
100 In this section:
101
102 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
103 * Maximum cell voltage, V;
104 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
105 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
106 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
107 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Overvoltage" error is generated;
108 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
109
110 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high voltage, the "Overvoltage" error is generated.
111
112 Error generation conditions:
113
114 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
115
116 Conditions for removing the error:
117
118 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
119
120 === Low temperature ===
121
122 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low temperature.
123
124 To change the battery protection parameters from low temperature, select the "Protections → Low temperature" section:
125
126 [[image:1733748045675-570.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="137" width="800"]]
127
128 In this section:
129
130 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
131 * Minimum charge temperature, °C;
132 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
133 * Minimum discharge temperature, °C;
134 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
135 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
136 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
137 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
138
139 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from low temperature, the "Low temperature (CH)" and/or “Low temperature (DCH)” error are generated.
140
141 Error generation conditions:
142
143 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
144
145 Conditions for removing the error:
146
147 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
148
149 === High temperature ===
150
151 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high temperature.
152
153 To change the battery protection parameters from high temperature, select the "Protections → High temperature" section:
154
155 [[image:1733748045683-426.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
156
157 In this section:
158
159 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
160 * Maximum charge temperature, °C;
161 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
162 * Maximum discharge temperature, °C;
163 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
164 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
165 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
166 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
167
168 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high temperature, the "High temperature (CH)" or “High temperature (DCH)” error is generated.
169
170 Error generation conditions:
171
172 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
173
174 Conditions for removing the error:
175
176 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
177
178 === Battery cover ===
179
180 To change the protection parameters from opening the battery cover, select the "Protections → Battery cover" section:
181
182 [[image:1733748045685-763.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="92" width="800"]]
183
184 In this section:
185
186 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
187 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
188 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
189 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
190
191 As a result of the operation of the protection against opening the battery cover, the “Battery cover error” is generated.
192
193 Error generation conditions:
194
195 * there is a signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
196
197 Conditions for removing the error:
198
199 * no signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
200
201 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
202 (((
203 If there is the "Battery cover error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
204 )))
205
206 === Cell monitor offline ===
207
208 The BMS Mini device checks if there is connection with cell monitor and set an error if not.
209
210 To change the cell monitor offline protection parameters, select the "Protections → Cell monitor offline" section:
211
212 [[image:1733748045686-719.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="93" width="800"]]
213
214 In this section:
215
216 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
217 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
218
219 As a result of the operation of the protection from the cell monitor offline, the "Cell monitor offline error" is generated.
220
221 Error generation conditions:
222
223 * there is not connection with the cell monitor.
224
225 Conditions for removing the error:
226
227 * connection with the cell monitor is established.
228
229 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
230 (((
231 If there is the " Cell monitor offline error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
232 )))
233
234 === Cell count ===
235
236 To change the protection parameters from the mismatch of the number of cells to the set value, select the "Protections → Cell count" section:
237
238 [[image:1733748057078-555.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="103" width="800"]]
239
240 In this section:
241
242 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
243 * Number of cells – a number of cells connected to the BMS;
244 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
245 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
246 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
247
248 As a result of the operation of the protection from the mismatch of the number of cells, the "Cell count error" is generated.
249
250 Error generation conditions:
251
252 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **not equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
253
254 Conditions for removing the error:
255
256 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
257
258 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
259 (((
260 If there is the "Cell count error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
261 )))
262
263 === Short circuit ===
264
265 The BMS Mini device implements a protection of power circuits (contactors, power wires) against overheating caused by the flow of high current for a long time.
266
267 To change the protection parameters from short circuit, select the "Protections → Short circuit" section:
268
269 [[image:1733748057080-806.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="213" width="800"]]
270
271 In this section:
272
273 * Level 1, 2, 3 – three protection levels. The following parameters are configured at each level:
274 ** Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
275 ** Maximum current, A;
276 ** Delay before setting the error, second;
277 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
278 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
279 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
280 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
281
282 If there is a short circuit, the "Short circuit" error is generated.
283
284 Error generation conditions:
285
286 * at any of the three protection levels, the current modulo is greater than the “Maximum current” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
287
288 Conditions for removing the error:
289
290 * the current modulo is lower than the “Maximum current” values for all three protection levels during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
291
292 === High contactor temperature ===
293
294 The BMS Mini device protects power contactors from overheating. To measure the temperature of the contactor, one of the thermistors connected to the X6 connector is used.
295
296 To change the overheating protection parameters of power contactors, select the "Protections → High contactor temperature" section:
297
298 [[image:1733748057082-234.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="183" width="800"]]
299
300 In this section:
301
302 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
303 * Thermistor – a selection of which cell thermistor will be used as contactor temperature sensor;
304 * Maximum contactor temperature, °C;
305 * Tolerant contactor temperature, °C;
306 * Delay before setting the error, second;
307 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
308 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
309 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
310 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
311
312 If there is a contactor overheat, the "High contactor temperature" error is generated.
313
314 Error generation conditions:
315
316 * the contactor temperature is greater than the “Maximum temperature” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
317
318 Conditions for removing the error:
319
320 * the contactor temperature is lower than the “Tolerant temperature” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
321
322 If there is the "High contactor temperature" error, the **charging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the charging contactor on error” flag is set) and the **discharging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error” flag is set).
323
324 === Current sensor ===
325
326 The BMS Mini device checks the current sensor connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit to the +5 V supply line.
327
328 To change the test parameters of the current sensor connection circuits, select the "Protections → Current sensor" section:
329
330 [[image:1733748057083-985.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
331
332 In this section:
333
334 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
335 * Maximum voltage, V;
336 * Minimum voltage, V;
337 * Voltage hysteresis – a hysteresis value to clear the error, V;
338 * Delay before setting the error, second;
339 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
340 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
341
342 If there is an open or short circuit connection of a current sensor, the "Current sensor error" is generated.
343
344 Error generation conditions:
345
346 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is greater than the “Maximum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time;
347 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is less than the “Minimum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
348
349 Conditions for removing the error:
350
351 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is in range from (Minimum voltage + Voltage hysteresis) to (Maximum voltage - Voltage hysteresis) during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
352
353 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
354 (((
355 If there is the “Current sensor error”, the **“Critical error” **is generated.
356 )))
357
358 === Charge contactor cycles ===
359
360 The BMS Mini device protects the charging contactor against frequent switching.
361
362 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the charging contactor, select the "Protections → Charge contactor cycles" section:
363
364 [[image:1733748068419-377.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="140" width="800"]]
365
366 In this section:
367
368 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
369 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated;
370 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
371 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
372 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
373 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
374 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
375
376 If there is the high switching frequency of the charging contactor, the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated.
377
378 Error generation conditions:
379
380 * the number of switchings of the charging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
381
382 Conditions for removing the error:
383
384 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
385
386 === Discharge contactor cycles protection ===
387
388 The BMS Mini device protects the discharging contactor against frequent switching.
389
390 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the discharging contactor, select the "Protections → Discharging contactor cycles" section:
391
392 [[image:1733748068420-615.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
393
394 In this section:
395
396 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
397 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated;
398 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
399 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
400 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
401 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
402 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
403
404 If there is the high switching frequency of the discharging contactor, the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated.
405
406 Error generation conditions:
407
408 * the number of switchings of the discharging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
409
410 Conditions for removing the error:
411
412 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
413
414 === Temperature sensors ===
415
416 The BMS Mini device checks the temperature sensors connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit.
417
418 To change the protection parameters of the temperature sensors circuits, select the "Protections → Temperature sensors" section:
419
420 [[image:1733748068421-819.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="115" width="800"]]
421
422 In this section:
423
424 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
425 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
426 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
427 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
428
429 If there are no temperature sensors connected to the BMS Mini or any temperature sensor is shorted, the "No temp. sensors" error and "Temp. sensor is shorted" error are generated respectively. These errors generated and removed with the “Delay before setting the error” and “Delay before clearing the error” delays.
430
431 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
432 (((
433 If there is the “No temp. sensors” or “Temp. sensor is shorted” error, the **“Critical error” **is generated.
434 )))
435
436 === WDT reset ===
437
438 If the BMS firmware hangs, the watchdog timer resets the device. The BMS can detect that the device was reset and generates the “WDT reset” error.
439
440 To change the parameters of the watchdog protection, select the "Protections → WDT reset" section:
441
442 [[image:1733748068422-188.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
443
444 In this section:
445
446 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
447 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
448 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
449
450 Conditions for removing the error:
451
452 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed from the device startup.
453
454 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
455 (((
456 If there is the "WDT reset" error, the **“Critical error” **is generated.
457 )))
458
459 === Unallowable charging ===
460
461 The BMS can detect that the battery is charging through the discharging circuit and protectively open the discharging contactor to prevent unallowable battery operation.
462
463 To change the parameters of the unallowable charging protection, select the "Protections → Unallowable charging" section:
464
465 [[image:1733748083466-209.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
466
467 In this section:
468
469 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
470 * Delay before setting the error, second;
471 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
472 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
473
474 If there is charging the battery through the discharging circuit detected, the "Unallowable charging" error is generated.
475
476 Error generation conditions:
477
478 * the charging contactor is open and the battery current is not zero during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
479
480 Conditions for removing the error:
481
482 * the battery current is zero during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
483
484 === Stuck contactor ===
485
486 The BMS Mini device protects contactors against sticking.
487
488 To change the protection parameters against sticking, select the "Protections → Stuck contactor" section:
489
490 [[image:1733748083467-352.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
491
492 In this section:
493
494 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
495 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
496 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
497 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
498
499 If there is a stuck contactor, the “Stuck contactor” error is generated. Error generation conditions:
500
501 * charging and discharging contactors are open, but the “Charging current present” or “Discharging current present” signal is set.
502
503 === Contactor feedback ===
504
505 The BMS Mini device can receive feedback signals from contactors and detect discrepancy between the control value and the feedback signal. To enable specific contactor protection, the feedback signal must be connected to corresponding contactor feedback pin on X1 header.
506
507 To change the contactor feedback check parameters, select the "Protections → Contactor feedback" section:
508
509 [[image:1733748083468-378.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
510
511 In this section:
512
513 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
514 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
515 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
516 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
517
518 If there is a discrepancy at any contactor, the corresponding contactor feedback error is generated. Error generation conditions:
519
520 * a command for charging, precharge, discharging, charging/discharging or main contactor not matches its feedback value.
521
522 === Insulation ===
523
524 The BMS Mini device can detect a signal from an external insulation monitoring device (such as Bender IR155) to monitor the insulation quality.
525
526 To change the insulation monitoring parameters, select the "Protections → Insulation" section:
527
528 [[image:1733748083469-478.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
529
530 In this section:
531
532 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
533 * Delay before setting the error, second;
534 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
535 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
536
537 Error is set if corresponding discrete input is set up and it receives logical zero.
538
539 === Critical error ===
540
541 To change the critical error parameters, select the "Protections → Critical error" section:
542
543 [[image:1733748083469-183.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
544
545 In this section:
546
547 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
548 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
549 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
550 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
551
552 The critical error flag is generated if at least one of the following errors is generated during the “Delay before setting the error” time:
553
554 * “Battery cover error”;
555 * “Cell monitor offline”;
556 * “Cell count error”;
557 * “ADC error”;
558 * “Current sensor error”;
559 * “Shunt offline”;
560 * “Shunt error”;
561 * “No temp. sensors”;
562 * “Temp. sensor is shorted”;
563 * “Settings error”;
564 * “WDT reset”;
565 * “Stuck contactor”;
566 * “Contactor feedback error”;
567 * “Insulation fault”.
568
569 The “Critical error” is cleared if there are no errors from the list above during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.