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Wiki source code of 3.4 Protections

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1 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
2 = Settings =
3
4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="4" style="--numbered-headings-start: 3;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
5 == Protections ==
6
7 The BMS Mini device continuously monitors the state of the cells, the external environment and, when detecting abnormalities, protects the battery and system components from damage.
8
9 (% class="box errormessage" %)
10 (((
11 **Attention!**
12 Behavior of contactors at different errors is configured in **corresponding contactor settings**!
13 )))
14
15 === Overcurrent ===
16
17 The BMS Mini device performs the overcurrent protection depending on current sensor values.
18
19 To change the overcurrent protection of the battery, select the "Protections → Overcurrent" section:
20
21 [[image:1733748033234-868.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
22
23 In this section:
24
25 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
26 * Maximum charging current, А;
27 * Tolerant charging current, А;
28 * Maximum discharging current, А;
29 * Tolerant discharging current, А;
30 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
31 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
32 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
33
34 As a result of operation of the overcurrent protection, the "Overcurrent" error is generated.
35
36 Error generation conditions:
37
38 * the current is positive (charging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum charging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time;
39 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum discharging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
40
41 Conditions for removing the error:
42
43 * the current is positive (charging) or zero, and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant charging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time;
44 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant discharging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
45
46 === Undervoltage ===
47
48 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low voltage on the cells.
49
50 To change the battery protection parameters from low voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Undervoltage" section:
51
52 [[image:1733748033237-837.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="127" width="800"]]
53
54 In this section:
55
56 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
57 * Minimum cell voltage, V;
58 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
59 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
60 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
61 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
62
63 As a result of the operation of battery protection from low voltage, the "Undervoltage" error is generated.
64
65 Error generation conditions:
66
67 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
68
69 Conditions for removing the error:
70
71 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
72
73 === Overvoltage ===
74
75 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high voltage on the cells.
76
77 To change the battery protection parameters from high voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Overvoltage" section:
78
79 [[image:1733748033238-995.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
80
81 In this section:
82
83 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
84 * Maximum cell voltage, V;
85 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
86 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
87 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
88 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Overvoltage" error is generated;
89 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
90
91 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high voltage, the "Overvoltage" error is generated.
92
93 Error generation conditions:
94
95 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
96
97 Conditions for removing the error:
98
99 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
100
101 === Low temperature ===
102
103 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low temperature.
104
105 To change the battery protection parameters from low temperature, select the "Protections → Low temperature" section:
106
107 [[image:1733748045675-570.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="137" width="800"]]
108
109 In this section:
110
111 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
112 * Minimum charge temperature, °C;
113 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
114 * Minimum discharge temperature, °C;
115 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
116 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
117 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
118 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
119
120 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from low temperature, the "Low temperature (CH)" and/or “Low temperature (DCH)” error are generated.
121
122 Error generation conditions:
123
124 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
125
126 Conditions for removing the error:
127
128 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
129
130 === High temperature ===
131
132 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high temperature.
133
134 To change the battery protection parameters from high temperature, select the "Protections → High temperature" section:
135
136 [[image:1733748045683-426.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
137
138 In this section:
139
140 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
141 * Maximum charge temperature, °C;
142 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
143 * Maximum discharge temperature, °C;
144 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
145 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
146 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
147 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
148
149 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high temperature, the "High temperature (CH)" or “High temperature (DCH)” error is generated.
150
151 Error generation conditions:
152
153 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
154
155 Conditions for removing the error:
156
157 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
158
159 === Battery cover ===
160
161 To change the protection parameters from opening the battery cover, select the "Protections → Battery cover" section:
162
163 [[image:1733748045685-763.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="92" width="800"]]
164
165 In this section:
166
167 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
168 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
169 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
170 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
171
172 As a result of the operation of the protection against opening the battery cover, the “Battery cover error” is generated.
173
174 Error generation conditions:
175
176 * there is a signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
177
178 Conditions for removing the error:
179
180 * no signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
181
182 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
183 (((
184 If there is the "Battery cover error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
185 )))
186
187 === Cell monitor offline ===
188
189 The BMS Mini device checks if there is connection with cell monitor and set an error if not.
190
191 To change the cell monitor offline protection parameters, select the "Protections → Cell monitor offline" section:
192
193 [[image:1733748045686-719.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="93" width="800"]]
194
195 In this section:
196
197 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
198 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
199
200 As a result of the operation of the protection from the cell monitor offline, the "Cell monitor offline error" is generated.
201
202 Error generation conditions:
203
204 * there is not connection with the cell monitor.
205
206 Conditions for removing the error:
207
208 * connection with the cell monitor is established.
209
210 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
211 (((
212 If there is the " Cell monitor offline error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
213 )))
214
215 === Cell count ===
216
217 To change the protection parameters from the mismatch of the number of cells to the set value, select the "Protections → Cell count" section:
218
219 [[image:1733748057078-555.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="103" width="800"]]
220
221 In this section:
222
223 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
224 * Number of cells – a number of cells connected to the BMS;
225 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
226 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
227 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
228
229 As a result of the operation of the protection from the mismatch of the number of cells, the "Cell count error" is generated.
230
231 Error generation conditions:
232
233 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **not equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
234
235 Conditions for removing the error:
236
237 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
238
239 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
240 (((
241 If there is the "Cell count error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
242 )))
243
244 === Short circuit ===
245
246 The BMS Mini device implements a protection of power circuits (contactors, power wires) against overheating caused by the flow of high current for a long time.
247
248 To change the protection parameters from short circuit, select the "Protections → Short circuit" section:
249
250 [[image:1733748057080-806.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="213" width="800"]]
251
252 In this section:
253
254 * Level 1, 2, 3 – three protection levels. The following parameters are configured at each level:
255 ** Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
256 ** Maximum current, A;
257 ** Delay before setting the error, second;
258 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
259 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
260 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
261 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
262
263 If there is a short circuit, the "Short circuit" error is generated.
264
265 Error generation conditions:
266
267 * at any of the three protection levels, the current modulo is greater than the “Maximum current” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
268
269 Conditions for removing the error:
270
271 * the current modulo is lower than the “Maximum current” values for all three protection levels during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
272
273 === High contactor temperature ===
274
275 The BMS Mini device protects power contactors from overheating. To measure the temperature of the contactor, one of the thermistors connected to the X6 connector is used.
276
277 To change the overheating protection parameters of power contactors, select the "Protections → High contactor temperature" section:
278
279 [[image:1733748057082-234.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="183" width="800"]]
280
281 In this section:
282
283 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
284 * Thermistor – a selection of which cell thermistor will be used as contactor temperature sensor;
285 * Maximum contactor temperature, °C;
286 * Tolerant contactor temperature, °C;
287 * Delay before setting the error, second;
288 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
289 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
290 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
291 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
292
293 If there is a contactor overheat, the "High contactor temperature" error is generated.
294
295 Error generation conditions:
296
297 * the contactor temperature is greater than the “Maximum temperature” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
298
299 Conditions for removing the error:
300
301 * the contactor temperature is lower than the “Tolerant temperature” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
302
303 If there is the "High contactor temperature" error, the **charging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the charging contactor on error” flag is set) and the **discharging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error” flag is set).
304
305 === Current sensor ===
306
307 The BMS Mini device checks the current sensor connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit to the +5 V supply line.
308
309 To change the test parameters of the current sensor connection circuits, select the "Protections → Current sensor" section:
310
311 [[image:1733748057083-985.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
312
313 In this section:
314
315 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
316 * Maximum voltage, V;
317 * Minimum voltage, V;
318 * Voltage hysteresis – a hysteresis value to clear the error, V;
319 * Delay before setting the error, second;
320 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
321 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
322
323 If there is an open or short circuit connection of a current sensor, the "Current sensor error" is generated.
324
325 Error generation conditions:
326
327 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is greater than the “Maximum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time;
328 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is less than the “Minimum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
329
330 Conditions for removing the error:
331
332 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is in range from (Minimum voltage + Voltage hysteresis) to (Maximum voltage - Voltage hysteresis) during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
333
334 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
335 (((
336 If there is the “Current sensor error”, the **“Critical error” **is generated.
337 )))
338
339 === Charge contactor cycles ===
340
341 The BMS Mini device protects the charging contactor against frequent switching.
342
343 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the charging contactor, select the "Protections → Charge contactor cycles" section:
344
345 [[image:1733748068419-377.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="140" width="800"]]
346
347 In this section:
348
349 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
350 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated;
351 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
352 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
353 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
354 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
355 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
356
357 If there is the high switching frequency of the charging contactor, the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated.
358
359 Error generation conditions:
360
361 * the number of switchings of the charging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
362
363 Conditions for removing the error:
364
365 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
366
367 === Discharge contactor cycles protection ===
368
369 The BMS Mini device protects the discharging contactor against frequent switching.
370
371 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the discharging contactor, select the "Protections → Discharging contactor cycles" section:
372
373 [[image:1733748068420-615.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
374
375 In this section:
376
377 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
378 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated;
379 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
380 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
381 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
382 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
383 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
384
385 If there is the high switching frequency of the discharging contactor, the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated.
386
387 Error generation conditions:
388
389 * the number of switchings of the discharging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
390
391 Conditions for removing the error:
392
393 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
394
395 === Temperature sensors ===
396
397 The BMS Mini device checks the temperature sensors connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit.
398
399 To change the protection parameters of the temperature sensors circuits, select the "Protections → Temperature sensors" section:
400
401 [[image:1733748068421-819.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="115" width="800"]]
402
403 In this section:
404
405 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
406 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
407 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
408 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
409
410 If there are no temperature sensors connected to the BMS Mini or any temperature sensor is shorted, the "No temp. sensors" error and "Temp. sensor is shorted" error are generated respectively. These errors generated and removed with the “Delay before setting the error” and “Delay before clearing the error” delays.
411
412 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
413 (((
414 If there is the “No temp. sensors” or “Temp. sensor is shorted” error, the **“Critical error” **is generated.
415 )))
416
417 === WDT reset ===
418
419 If the BMS firmware hangs, the watchdog timer resets the device. The BMS can detect that the device was reset and generates the “WDT reset” error.
420
421 To change the parameters of the watchdog protection, select the "Protections → WDT reset" section:
422
423 [[image:1733748068422-188.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
424
425 In this section:
426
427 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
428 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
429 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
430
431 Conditions for removing the error:
432
433 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed from the device startup.
434
435 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
436 (((
437 If there is the "WDT reset" error, the **“Critical error” **is generated.
438 )))
439
440 === Unallowable charging ===
441
442 The BMS can detect that the battery is charging through the discharging circuit and protectively open the discharging contactor to prevent unallowable battery operation.
443
444 To change the parameters of the unallowable charging protection, select the "Protections → Unallowable charging" section:
445
446 [[image:1733748083466-209.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
447
448 In this section:
449
450 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
451 * Delay before setting the error, second;
452 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
453 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
454
455 If there is charging the battery through the discharging circuit detected, the "Unallowable charging" error is generated.
456
457 Error generation conditions:
458
459 * the charging contactor is open and the battery current is not zero during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
460
461 Conditions for removing the error:
462
463 * the battery current is zero during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
464
465 === Stuck contactor ===
466
467 The BMS Mini device protects contactors against sticking.
468
469 To change the protection parameters against sticking, select the "Protections → Stuck contactor" section:
470
471 [[image:1733748083467-352.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
472
473 In this section:
474
475 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
476 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
477 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
478 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
479
480 If there is a stuck contactor, the “Stuck contactor” error is generated. Error generation conditions:
481
482 * charging and discharging contactors are open, but the “Charging current present” or “Discharging current present” signal is set.
483
484 === Contactor feedback ===
485
486 The BMS Mini device can receive feedback signals from contactors and detect discrepancy between the control value and the feedback signal. To enable specific contactor protection, the feedback signal must be connected to corresponding contactor feedback pin on X1 header.
487
488 To change the contactor feedback check parameters, select the "Protections → Contactor feedback" section:
489
490 [[image:1733748083468-378.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
491
492 In this section:
493
494 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
495 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
496 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
497 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
498
499 If there is a discrepancy at any contactor, the corresponding contactor feedback error is generated. Error generation conditions:
500
501 * a command for charging, precharge, discharging, charging/discharging or main contactor not matches its feedback value.
502
503 === Insulation ===
504
505 The BMS Mini device can detect a signal from an external insulation monitoring device (such as Bender IR155) to monitor the insulation quality.
506
507 To change the insulation monitoring parameters, select the "Protections → Insulation" section:
508
509 [[image:1733748083469-478.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
510
511 In this section:
512
513 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
514 * Delay before setting the error, second;
515 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
516 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
517
518 Error is set if corresponding discrete input is set up and it receives logical zero.
519
520 === Critical error ===
521
522 To change the critical error parameters, select the "Protections → Critical error" section:
523
524 [[image:1733748083469-183.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
525
526 In this section:
527
528 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
529 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
530 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
531 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
532
533 The critical error flag is generated if at least one of the following errors is generated during the “Delay before setting the error” time:
534
535 * “Battery cover error”;
536 * “Cell monitor offline”;
537 * “Cell count error”;
538 * “ADC error”;
539 * “Current sensor error”;
540 * “Shunt offline”;
541 * “Shunt error”;
542 * “No temp. sensors”;
543 * “Temp. sensor is shorted”;
544 * “Settings error”;
545 * “WDT reset”;
546 * “Stuck contactor”;
547 * “Contactor feedback error”;
548 * “Insulation fault”.
549
550 The “Critical error” is cleared if there are no errors from the list above during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.