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Wiki source code of 3.4 Protections

Version 1.7 by Admin on 2025/02/24 14:10
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1 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
2 = Settings =
3
4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="4" style="--numbered-headings-start: 3;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
5 == Protections ==
6
7 The BMS Mini device continuously monitors the state of the cells, the external environment and, when detecting abnormalities, protects the battery and system components from damage.
8
9 (% class="box errormessage" %)
10 (((
11 **Attention!**
12 Behavior of contactors at different errors is configured in **corresponding contactor settings**!
13 )))
14
15 === Overcurrent ===
16
17 The BMS Mini device performs the overcurrent protection depending on current sensor values.
18
19 To change the overcurrent protection of the battery, select the "Protections → Overcurrent" section:
20
21 [[image:1733748033234-868.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
22
23 In this section:
24
25 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
26 * Maximum charging current, А;
27 * Tolerant charging current, А;
28 * Maximum discharging current, А;
29 * Tolerant discharging current, А;
30 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
31 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
32 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
33
34 As a result of operation of the overcurrent protection, the "Overcurrent" error is generated.
35
36 Error generation conditions:
37
38 * the current is positive (charging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum charging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time;
39 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum discharging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
40
41 Conditions for removing the error:
42
43 * the current is positive (charging) or zero, and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant charging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time;
44 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant discharging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
45
46
47 === Undervoltage ===
48
49 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low voltage on the cells.
50
51 To change the battery protection parameters from low voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Undervoltage" section:
52
53 [[image:1733748033237-837.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="127" width="800"]]
54
55 In this section:
56
57 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
58 * Minimum cell voltage, V;
59 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
60 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
61 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
62 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
63
64 As a result of the operation of battery protection from low voltage, the "Undervoltage" error is generated.
65
66 Error generation conditions:
67
68 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
69
70 Conditions for removing the error:
71
72 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
73
74
75 === Overvoltage ===
76
77 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high voltage on the cells.
78
79 To change the battery protection parameters from high voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Overvoltage" section:
80
81 [[image:1733748033238-995.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
82
83 In this section:
84
85 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
86 * Maximum cell voltage, V;
87 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
88 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
89 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
90 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Overvoltage" error is generated;
91 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
92
93 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high voltage, the "Overvoltage" error is generated.
94
95 Error generation conditions:
96
97 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
98
99 Conditions for removing the error:
100
101 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
102
103 === Low temperature ===
104
105 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low temperature.
106
107 To change the battery protection parameters from low temperature, select the "Protections → Low temperature" section:
108
109 [[image:1733748045675-570.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="137" width="800"]]
110
111 In this section:
112
113 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
114 * Minimum charge temperature, °C;
115 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
116 * Minimum discharge temperature, °C;
117 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
118 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
119 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
120 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
121
122 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from low temperature, the "Low temperature (CH)" and/or “Low temperature (DCH)” error are generated.
123
124 Error generation conditions:
125
126 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
127
128 Conditions for removing the error:
129
130 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
131
132 === High temperature ===
133
134 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high temperature.
135
136 To change the battery protection parameters from high temperature, select the "Protections → High temperature" section:
137
138 [[image:1733748045683-426.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
139
140 In this section:
141
142 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
143 * Maximum charge temperature, °C;
144 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
145 * Maximum discharge temperature, °C;
146 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
147 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
148 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
149 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
150
151 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high temperature, the "High temperature (CH)" or “High temperature (DCH)” error is generated.
152
153 Error generation conditions:
154
155 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
156
157 Conditions for removing the error:
158
159 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
160
161 === Battery cover ===
162
163 To change the protection parameters from opening the battery cover, select the "Protections → Battery cover" section:
164
165 [[image:1733748045685-763.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="92" width="800"]]
166
167 In this section:
168
169 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
170 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
171 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
172 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
173
174 As a result of the operation of the protection against opening the battery cover, the “Battery cover error” is generated.
175
176 Error generation conditions:
177
178 * there is a signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
179
180 Conditions for removing the error:
181
182 * no signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
183
184 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
185 (((
186 If there is the "Battery cover error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
187 )))
188
189 === Cell monitor offline ===
190
191 The BMS Mini device checks if there is connection with cell monitor and set an error if not.
192
193 To change the cell monitor offline protection parameters, select the "Protections → Cell monitor offline" section:
194
195 [[image:1733748045686-719.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="93" width="800"]]
196
197 In this section:
198
199 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
200 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
201
202 As a result of the operation of the protection from the cell monitor offline, the "Cell monitor offline error" is generated.
203
204 Error generation conditions:
205
206 * there is not connection with the cell monitor.
207
208 Conditions for removing the error:
209
210 * connection with the cell monitor is established.
211
212 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
213 (((
214 If there is the " Cell monitor offline error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
215 )))
216
217 === Cell count ===
218
219 To change the protection parameters from the mismatch of the number of cells to the set value, select the "Protections → Cell count" section:
220
221 [[image:1733748057078-555.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="103" width="800"]]
222
223 In this section:
224
225 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
226 * Number of cells – a number of cells connected to the BMS;
227 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
228 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
229 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
230
231 As a result of the operation of the protection from the mismatch of the number of cells, the "Cell count error" is generated.
232
233 Error generation conditions:
234
235 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **not equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
236
237 Conditions for removing the error:
238
239 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
240
241 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
242 (((
243 If there is the "Cell count error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
244 )))
245
246 === Short circuit ===
247
248 The BMS Mini device implements a protection of power circuits (contactors, power wires) against overheating caused by the flow of high current for a long time.
249
250 To change the protection parameters from short circuit, select the "Protections → Short circuit" section:
251
252 [[image:1733748057080-806.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="213" width="800"]]
253
254 In this section:
255
256 * Level 1, 2, 3 – three protection levels. The following parameters are configured at each level:
257 ** Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
258 ** Maximum current, A;
259 ** Delay before setting the error, second;
260 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
261 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
262 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
263 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
264
265 If there is a short circuit, the "Short circuit" error is generated.
266
267 Error generation conditions:
268
269 * at any of the three protection levels, the current modulo is greater than the “Maximum current” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
270
271 Conditions for removing the error:
272
273 * the current modulo is lower than the “Maximum current” values for all three protection levels during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
274
275 === High contactor temperature ===
276
277 The BMS Mini device protects power contactors from overheating. To measure the temperature of the contactor, one of the thermistors connected to the X6 connector is used.
278
279 To change the overheating protection parameters of power contactors, select the "Protections → High contactor temperature" section:
280
281 [[image:1733748057082-234.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="183" width="800"]]
282
283 In this section:
284
285 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
286 * Thermistor – a selection of which cell thermistor will be used as contactor temperature sensor;
287 * Maximum contactor temperature, °C;
288 * Tolerant contactor temperature, °C;
289 * Delay before setting the error, second;
290 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
291 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
292 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
293 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
294
295 If there is a contactor overheat, the "High contactor temperature" error is generated.
296
297 Error generation conditions:
298
299 * the contactor temperature is greater than the “Maximum temperature” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
300
301 Conditions for removing the error:
302
303 * the contactor temperature is lower than the “Tolerant temperature” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
304
305 If there is the "High contactor temperature" error, the **charging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the charging contactor on error” flag is set) and the **discharging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error” flag is set).
306
307 === Current sensor ===
308
309 The BMS Mini device checks the current sensor connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit to the +5 V supply line.
310
311 To change the test parameters of the current sensor connection circuits, select the "Protections → Current sensor" section:
312
313 [[image:1733748057083-985.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
314
315 In this section:
316
317 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
318 * Maximum voltage, V;
319 * Minimum voltage, V;
320 * Voltage hysteresis – a hysteresis value to clear the error, V;
321 * Delay before setting the error, second;
322 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
323 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
324
325 If there is an open or short circuit connection of a current sensor, the "Current sensor error" is generated.
326
327 Error generation conditions:
328
329 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is greater than the “Maximum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time;
330 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is less than the “Minimum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
331
332 Conditions for removing the error:
333
334 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is in range from (Minimum voltage + Voltage hysteresis) to (Maximum voltage - Voltage hysteresis) during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
335
336 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
337 (((
338 If there is the “Current sensor error”, the **“Critical error” **is generated.
339 )))
340
341 === Charge contactor cycles ===
342
343 The BMS Mini device protects the charging contactor against frequent switching.
344
345 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the charging contactor, select the "Protections → Charge contactor cycles" section:
346
347 [[image:1733748068419-377.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="140" width="800"]]
348
349 In this section:
350
351 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
352 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated;
353 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
354 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
355 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
356 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
357 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
358
359 If there is the high switching frequency of the charging contactor, the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated.
360
361 Error generation conditions:
362
363 * the number of switchings of the charging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
364
365 Conditions for removing the error:
366
367 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
368
369 (% class="box infomessage" %)
370 (((
371 If there is the "CH contactor cycles error" error, the **charging** contactor opens.
372 )))
373
374 === Discharge contactor cycles protection ===
375
376 The BMS Mini device protects the discharging contactor against frequent switching.
377
378 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the discharging contactor, select the "Protections → Discharging contactor cycles" section:
379
380 [[image:1733748068420-615.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
381
382 In this section:
383
384 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
385 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated;
386 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
387 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
388 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
389 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
390 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
391
392 If there is the high switching frequency of the discharging contactor, the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated.
393
394 Error generation conditions:
395
396 * the number of switchings of the discharging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
397
398 Conditions for removing the error:
399
400 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
401
402 (% class="box infomessage" %)
403 (((
404 If there is the "DCH contactor cycles error" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
405 )))
406
407 === Temperature sensors ===
408
409 The BMS Mini device checks the temperature sensors connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit.
410
411 To change the protection parameters of the temperature sensors circuits, select the "Protections → Temperature sensors" section:
412
413 [[image:1733748068421-819.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="115" width="800"]]
414
415 In this section:
416
417 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
418 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
419 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
420 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
421
422 If there are no temperature sensors connected to the BMS Mini or any temperature sensor is shorted, the "No temp. sensors" error and "Temp. sensor is shorted" error are generated respectively. These errors generated and removed with the “Delay before setting the error” and “Delay before clearing the error” delays.
423
424 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
425 (((
426 If there is the “No temp. sensors” or “Temp. sensor is shorted” error, the **“Critical error” **is generated and **all contactors open.**
427 )))
428
429 === WDT reset ===
430
431 If the BMS firmware hangs, the watchdog timer resets the device. The BMS can detect that the device was reset and generates the “WDT reset” error.
432
433 To change the parameters of the watchdog protection, select the "Protections → WDT reset" section:
434
435 [[image:1733748068422-188.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
436
437 In this section:
438
439 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
440 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
441 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
442
443 Conditions for removing the error:
444
445 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed from the device startup.
446
447 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
448 (((
449 If there is the "WDT reset" error, the **“Critical error” **is generated and **all contactors open.**
450 )))
451
452 === Unallowable charging ===
453
454 The BMS can detect that the battery is charging through the discharging circuit and protectively open the discharging contactor to prevent unallowable battery operation.
455
456 To change the parameters of the unallowable charging protection, select the "Protections → Unallowable charging" section:
457
458 [[image:1733748083466-209.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
459
460 In this section:
461
462 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
463 * Delay before setting the error, second;
464 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
465 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
466
467 If there is charging the battery through the discharging circuit detected, the "Unallowable charging" error is generated.
468
469 Error generation conditions:
470
471 * the charging contactor is open and the battery current is not zero during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
472
473 Conditions for removing the error:
474
475 * the battery current is zero during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
476
477 (% class="box infomessage" %)
478 (((
479 If there is the "Unallowable charging" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
480 )))
481
482 === Stuck contactor ===
483
484 The BMS Mini device protects contactors against sticking.
485
486 To change the protection parameters against sticking, select the "Protections → Stuck contactor" section:
487
488 [[image:1733748083467-352.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
489
490 In this section:
491
492 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
493 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
494 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
495 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
496
497 If there is a stuck contactor, the “Stuck contactor” error is generated Error generation conditions:
498
499 * charging and discharging contactors are open, but the “Charging current present” or “Discharging current present” signal is set.
500
501 === Contactor feedback ===
502
503 The BMS Mini device can receive feedback signals from contactors and detect discrepancy between the control value and the feedback signal. To enable specific contactor protection, the feedback signal must be connected to corresponding contactor feedback pin on X1 header.
504
505 To change the contactor feedback check parameters, select the "Protections → Contactor feedback" section:
506
507 [[image:1733748083468-378.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
508
509 In this section:
510
511 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
512 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
513 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
514 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
515
516 If there is a discrepancy at any contactor, the corresponding contactor feedback error is generated. Error generation conditions:
517
518 * a command for charging, precharge, discharging, charging/discharging or main contactor not matches its feedback value.
519
520 === Insulation ===
521
522 The BMS Mini device can detect a signal from an external insulation monitoring device (such as Bender IR155) to monitor the insulation quality.
523
524 To change the insulation monitoring parameters, select the "Protections → Insulation" section:
525
526 [[image:1733748083469-478.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
527
528 In this section:
529
530 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
531 * Delay before setting the error, second;
532 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
533 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
534
535 Error is set if corresponding discrete input is set up and it receives logical zero.
536
537 === Critical error ===
538
539 To change the critical error parameters, select the "Protections → Critical error" section:
540
541 [[image:1733748083469-183.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
542
543 In this section:
544
545 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
546 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
547 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
548 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
549
550 The critical error flag is generated if at least one of the following errors is generated during the “Delay before setting the error” time:
551
552 * “Battery cover error”;
553 * “Cell monitor offline”;
554 * “Cell count error”;
555 * “ADC error”;
556 * “Current sensor error”;
557 * “Shunt offline”;
558 * “Shunt error”;
559 * “No temp. sensors”;
560 * “Temp. sensor is shorted”;
561 * “Settings error”;
562 * “WDT reset”;
563 * “Stuck contactor”;
564 * “Contactor feedback error”;
565 * “Insulation fault”.
566
567 The “Critical error” is cleared if there are no errors from the list above during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
568
569 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
570 (((
571 If there is the “Critical error”, **all contactors open.**
572 )))