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Wiki source code of 3.4 Protections

Version 1.6 by Admin on 2025/02/24 14:09
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Admin 1.1 1 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
2 = Settings =
3
4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="4" style="--numbered-headings-start: 3;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
5 == Protections ==
6
7 The BMS Mini device continuously monitors the state of the cells, the external environment and, when detecting abnormalities, protects the battery and system components from damage.
8
Admin 1.5 9 (% class="box errormessage" %)
10 (((
11 **Attention!**
12 Behavior of contactors at different errors is configured in **corresponding contactor settings**!
13 )))
14
Admin 1.1 15 === Overcurrent ===
16
17 The BMS Mini device performs the overcurrent protection depending on current sensor values.
18
19 To change the overcurrent protection of the battery, select the "Protections → Overcurrent" section:
20
21 [[image:1733748033234-868.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
22
23 In this section:
24
25 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
26 * Maximum charging current, А;
27 * Tolerant charging current, А;
28 * Maximum discharging current, А;
29 * Tolerant discharging current, А;
30 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
31 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
32 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
33
34 As a result of operation of the overcurrent protection, the "Overcurrent" error is generated.
35
36 Error generation conditions:
37
38 * the current is positive (charging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum charging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time;
39 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum discharging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
40
41 Conditions for removing the error:
42
43 * the current is positive (charging) or zero, and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant charging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time;
44 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant discharging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
45
46
47 === Undervoltage ===
48
49 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low voltage on the cells.
50
51 To change the battery protection parameters from low voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Undervoltage" section:
52
53 [[image:1733748033237-837.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="127" width="800"]]
54
55 In this section:
56
57 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
58 * Minimum cell voltage, V;
59 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
60 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
61 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
62 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
63
64 As a result of the operation of battery protection from low voltage, the "Undervoltage" error is generated.
65
66 Error generation conditions:
67
68 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
69
70 Conditions for removing the error:
71
72 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
73
74
75 === Overvoltage ===
76
77 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high voltage on the cells.
78
79 To change the battery protection parameters from high voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Overvoltage" section:
80
81 [[image:1733748033238-995.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
82
83 In this section:
84
85 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
86 * Maximum cell voltage, V;
87 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
88 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
89 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
90 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Overvoltage" error is generated;
91 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
92
93 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high voltage, the "Overvoltage" error is generated.
94
95 Error generation conditions:
96
97 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
98
99 Conditions for removing the error:
100
101 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
102
103 === Low temperature ===
104
105 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low temperature.
106
107 To change the battery protection parameters from low temperature, select the "Protections → Low temperature" section:
108
109 [[image:1733748045675-570.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="137" width="800"]]
110
111 In this section:
112
113 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
114 * Minimum charge temperature, °C;
115 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
116 * Minimum discharge temperature, °C;
117 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
118 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
119 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
120 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
121
122 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from low temperature, the "Low temperature (CH)" and/or “Low temperature (DCH)” error are generated.
123
124 Error generation conditions:
125
126 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
127
128 Conditions for removing the error:
129
130 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
131
132 === High temperature ===
133
134 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high temperature.
135
136 To change the battery protection parameters from high temperature, select the "Protections → High temperature" section:
137
138 [[image:1733748045683-426.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
139
140 In this section:
141
142 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
143 * Maximum charge temperature, °C;
144 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
145 * Maximum discharge temperature, °C;
146 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
147 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
148 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
149 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
150
151 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high temperature, the "High temperature (CH)" or “High temperature (DCH)” error is generated.
152
153 Error generation conditions:
154
155 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
156
157 Conditions for removing the error:
158
159 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
160
161 === Battery cover ===
162
163 To change the protection parameters from opening the battery cover, select the "Protections → Battery cover" section:
164
165 [[image:1733748045685-763.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="92" width="800"]]
166
167 In this section:
168
169 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
170 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
171 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
172 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
173
174 As a result of the operation of the protection against opening the battery cover, the “Battery cover error” is generated.
175
176 Error generation conditions:
177
178 * there is a signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
179
180 Conditions for removing the error:
181
182 * no signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
183
184 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
185 (((
Admin 1.6 186 If there is the "Battery cover error", the **“Critical error” **is generated.
Admin 1.1 187 )))
188
189 === Cell monitor offline ===
190
191 The BMS Mini device checks if there is connection with cell monitor and set an error if not.
192
193 To change the cell monitor offline protection parameters, select the "Protections → Cell monitor offline" section:
194
195 [[image:1733748045686-719.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="93" width="800"]]
196
197 In this section:
198
199 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
200 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
201
202 As a result of the operation of the protection from the cell monitor offline, the "Cell monitor offline error" is generated.
203
204 Error generation conditions:
205
206 * there is not connection with the cell monitor.
207
208 Conditions for removing the error:
209
210 * connection with the cell monitor is established.
211
212 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
213 (((
Admin 1.5 214 If there is the " Cell monitor offline error", the **“Critical error” **is generated and** all contactors open.**
Admin 1.1 215 )))
216
217 === Cell count ===
218
219 To change the protection parameters from the mismatch of the number of cells to the set value, select the "Protections → Cell count" section:
220
221 [[image:1733748057078-555.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="103" width="800"]]
222
223 In this section:
224
225 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
226 * Number of cells – a number of cells connected to the BMS;
227 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
228 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
229 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
230
231 As a result of the operation of the protection from the mismatch of the number of cells, the "Cell count error" is generated.
232
233 Error generation conditions:
234
235 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **not equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
236
237 Conditions for removing the error:
238
239 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
240
241 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
242 (((
243 If there is the "Cell count error", the **“Critical error” **is generated and **all contactors open.**
244 )))
245
246 === Short circuit ===
247
248 The BMS Mini device implements a protection of power circuits (contactors, power wires) against overheating caused by the flow of high current for a long time.
249
250 To change the protection parameters from short circuit, select the "Protections → Short circuit" section:
251
252 [[image:1733748057080-806.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="213" width="800"]]
253
254 In this section:
255
256 * Level 1, 2, 3 – three protection levels. The following parameters are configured at each level:
257 ** Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
258 ** Maximum current, A;
259 ** Delay before setting the error, second;
260 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
261 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
262 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
263 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
264
265 If there is a short circuit, the "Short circuit" error is generated.
266
267 Error generation conditions:
268
269 * at any of the three protection levels, the current modulo is greater than the “Maximum current” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
270
271 Conditions for removing the error:
272
273 * the current modulo is lower than the “Maximum current” values for all three protection levels during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
274
275 (% class="box infomessage" %)
276 (((
277 If there is the "Short circuit" error, the **charging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the charging contactor on error” flag is set) and the **discharging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error flag” is set).
278 )))
279
280 === High contactor temperature ===
281
282 The BMS Mini device protects power contactors from overheating. To measure the temperature of the contactor, one of the thermistors connected to the X6 connector is used.
283
284 To change the overheating protection parameters of power contactors, select the "Protections → High contactor temperature" section:
285
286 [[image:1733748057082-234.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="183" width="800"]]
287
288 In this section:
289
290 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
291 * Thermistor – a selection of which cell thermistor will be used as contactor temperature sensor;
292 * Maximum contactor temperature, °C;
293 * Tolerant contactor temperature, °C;
294 * Delay before setting the error, second;
295 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
296 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
297 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
298 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
299
300 If there is a contactor overheat, the "High contactor temperature" error is generated.
301
302 Error generation conditions:
303
304 * the contactor temperature is greater than the “Maximum temperature” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
305
306 Conditions for removing the error:
307
308 * the contactor temperature is lower than the “Tolerant temperature” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
309
310 If there is the "High contactor temperature" error, the **charging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the charging contactor on error” flag is set) and the **discharging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error” flag is set).
311
312 === Current sensor ===
313
314 The BMS Mini device checks the current sensor connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit to the +5 V supply line.
315
316 To change the test parameters of the current sensor connection circuits, select the "Protections → Current sensor" section:
317
318 [[image:1733748057083-985.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
319
320 In this section:
321
322 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
323 * Maximum voltage, V;
324 * Minimum voltage, V;
325 * Voltage hysteresis – a hysteresis value to clear the error, V;
326 * Delay before setting the error, second;
327 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
328 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
329
330 If there is an open or short circuit connection of a current sensor, the "Current sensor error" is generated.
331
332 Error generation conditions:
333
334 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is greater than the “Maximum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time;
335 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is less than the “Minimum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
336
337 Conditions for removing the error:
338
339 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is in range from (Minimum voltage + Voltage hysteresis) to (Maximum voltage - Voltage hysteresis) during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
340
341 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
342 (((
Admin 1.5 343 If there is the “Current sensor error”, the **“Critical error” **is generated and** all contactors open.**
Admin 1.1 344 )))
345
346 === Charge contactor cycles ===
347
348 The BMS Mini device protects the charging contactor against frequent switching.
349
350 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the charging contactor, select the "Protections → Charge contactor cycles" section:
351
352 [[image:1733748068419-377.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="140" width="800"]]
353
354 In this section:
355
356 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
357 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated;
358 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
359 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
360 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
361 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
362 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
363
364 If there is the high switching frequency of the charging contactor, the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated.
365
366 Error generation conditions:
367
368 * the number of switchings of the charging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
369
370 Conditions for removing the error:
371
372 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
373
374 (% class="box infomessage" %)
375 (((
376 If there is the "CH contactor cycles error" error, the **charging** contactor opens.
377 )))
378
379 === Discharge contactor cycles protection ===
380
381 The BMS Mini device protects the discharging contactor against frequent switching.
382
383 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the discharging contactor, select the "Protections → Discharging contactor cycles" section:
384
385 [[image:1733748068420-615.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
386
387 In this section:
388
389 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
390 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated;
391 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
392 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
393 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
394 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
395 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
396
397 If there is the high switching frequency of the discharging contactor, the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated.
398
399 Error generation conditions:
400
401 * the number of switchings of the discharging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
402
403 Conditions for removing the error:
404
405 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
406
407 (% class="box infomessage" %)
408 (((
409 If there is the "DCH contactor cycles error" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
410 )))
411
412 === Temperature sensors ===
413
414 The BMS Mini device checks the temperature sensors connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit.
415
416 To change the protection parameters of the temperature sensors circuits, select the "Protections → Temperature sensors" section:
417
418 [[image:1733748068421-819.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="115" width="800"]]
419
420 In this section:
421
422 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
423 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
424 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
425 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
426
427 If there are no temperature sensors connected to the BMS Mini or any temperature sensor is shorted, the "No temp. sensors" error and "Temp. sensor is shorted" error are generated respectively. These errors generated and removed with the “Delay before setting the error” and “Delay before clearing the error” delays.
428
429 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
430 (((
431 If there is the “No temp. sensors” or “Temp. sensor is shorted” error, the **“Critical error” **is generated and **all contactors open.**
432 )))
433
434 === WDT reset ===
435
436 If the BMS firmware hangs, the watchdog timer resets the device. The BMS can detect that the device was reset and generates the “WDT reset” error.
437
438 To change the parameters of the watchdog protection, select the "Protections → WDT reset" section:
439
440 [[image:1733748068422-188.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
441
442 In this section:
443
444 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
445 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
446 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
447
448 Conditions for removing the error:
449
450 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed from the device startup.
451
452 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
453 (((
454 If there is the "WDT reset" error, the **“Critical error” **is generated and **all contactors open.**
455 )))
456
457 === Unallowable charging ===
458
459 The BMS can detect that the battery is charging through the discharging circuit and protectively open the discharging contactor to prevent unallowable battery operation.
460
461 To change the parameters of the unallowable charging protection, select the "Protections → Unallowable charging" section:
462
463 [[image:1733748083466-209.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
464
465 In this section:
466
467 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
468 * Delay before setting the error, second;
469 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
470 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
471
472 If there is charging the battery through the discharging circuit detected, the "Unallowable charging" error is generated.
473
474 Error generation conditions:
475
476 * the charging contactor is open and the battery current is not zero during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
477
478 Conditions for removing the error:
479
480 * the battery current is zero during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
481
482 (% class="box infomessage" %)
483 (((
484 If there is the "Unallowable charging" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
485 )))
486
487 === Stuck contactor ===
488
489 The BMS Mini device protects contactors against sticking.
490
491 To change the protection parameters against sticking, select the "Protections → Stuck contactor" section:
492
493 [[image:1733748083467-352.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
494
495 In this section:
496
497 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
498 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
499 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
500 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
501
502 If there is a stuck contactor, the “Stuck contactor” error is generated Error generation conditions:
503
504 * charging and discharging contactors are open, but the “Charging current present” or “Discharging current present” signal is set.
505
506 === Contactor feedback ===
507
508 The BMS Mini device can receive feedback signals from contactors and detect discrepancy between the control value and the feedback signal. To enable specific contactor protection, the feedback signal must be connected to corresponding contactor feedback pin on X1 header.
509
510 To change the contactor feedback check parameters, select the "Protections → Contactor feedback" section:
511
512 [[image:1733748083468-378.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
513
514 In this section:
515
516 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
517 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
518 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
519 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
520
521 If there is a discrepancy at any contactor, the corresponding contactor feedback error is generated. Error generation conditions:
522
523 * a command for charging, precharge, discharging, charging/discharging or main contactor not matches its feedback value.
524
525 === Insulation ===
526
527 The BMS Mini device can detect a signal from an external insulation monitoring device (such as Bender IR155) to monitor the insulation quality.
528
529 To change the insulation monitoring parameters, select the "Protections → Insulation" section:
530
531 [[image:1733748083469-478.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
532
533 In this section:
534
535 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
536 * Delay before setting the error, second;
537 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
538 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
539
540 Error is set if corresponding discrete input is set up and it receives logical zero.
541
542 === Critical error ===
543
544 To change the critical error parameters, select the "Protections → Critical error" section:
545
546 [[image:1733748083469-183.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
547
548 In this section:
549
550 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
551 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
552 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
553 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
554
555 The critical error flag is generated if at least one of the following errors is generated during the “Delay before setting the error” time:
556
557 * “Battery cover error”;
558 * “Cell monitor offline”;
559 * “Cell count error”;
560 * “ADC error”;
561 * “Current sensor error”;
562 * “Shunt offline”;
563 * “Shunt error”;
564 * “No temp. sensors”;
565 * “Temp. sensor is shorted”;
566 * “Settings error”;
567 * “WDT reset”;
568 * “Stuck contactor”;
569 * “Contactor feedback error”;
570 * “Insulation fault”.
571
572 The “Critical error” is cleared if there are no errors from the list above during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
573
574 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
575 (((
576 If there is the “Critical error”, **all contactors open.**
577 )))