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Wiki source code of 3.4 Protections

Version 1.5 by Admin on 2025/02/24 14:08
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Admin 1.1 1 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
2 = Settings =
3
4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="4" style="--numbered-headings-start: 3;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
5 == Protections ==
6
7 The BMS Mini device continuously monitors the state of the cells, the external environment and, when detecting abnormalities, protects the battery and system components from damage.
8
Admin 1.5 9 (% class="box errormessage" %)
10 (((
11 **Attention!**
12 Behavior of contactors at different errors is configured in **corresponding contactor settings**!
13 )))
14
Admin 1.1 15 === Overcurrent ===
16
17 The BMS Mini device performs the overcurrent protection depending on current sensor values.
18
19 To change the overcurrent protection of the battery, select the "Protections → Overcurrent" section:
20
21 [[image:1733748033234-868.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
22
23 In this section:
24
25 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
26 * Maximum charging current, А;
27 * Tolerant charging current, А;
28 * Maximum discharging current, А;
29 * Tolerant discharging current, А;
30 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
31 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
32 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
33
34 As a result of operation of the overcurrent protection, the "Overcurrent" error is generated.
35
36 Error generation conditions:
37
38 * the current is positive (charging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum charging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time;
39 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum discharging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
40
41 Conditions for removing the error:
42
43 * the current is positive (charging) or zero, and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant charging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time;
44 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant discharging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
45
46 (% class="box infomessage" %)
47 (((
48 If there is the "Overcurrent" error, the **charging **and **discharging **contactors open.
49 )))
50
51 === Undervoltage ===
52
53 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low voltage on the cells.
54
55 To change the battery protection parameters from low voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Undervoltage" section:
56
57 [[image:1733748033237-837.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="127" width="800"]]
58
59 In this section:
60
61 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
62 * Minimum cell voltage, V;
63 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
64 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
65 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
66 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
67
68 As a result of the operation of battery protection from low voltage, the "Undervoltage" error is generated.
69
70 Error generation conditions:
71
72 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
73
74 Conditions for removing the error:
75
76 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
77
78 (% class="box infomessage" %)
79 (((
80 If there is the "Undervoltage" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
81 )))
82
83 === Overvoltage ===
84
85 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high voltage on the cells.
86
87 To change the battery protection parameters from high voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Overvoltage" section:
88
89 [[image:1733748033238-995.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
90
91 In this section:
92
93 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
94 * Maximum cell voltage, V;
95 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
96 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
97 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
98 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Overvoltage" error is generated;
99 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
100
101 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high voltage, the "Overvoltage" error is generated.
102
103 Error generation conditions:
104
105 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
106
107 Conditions for removing the error:
108
109 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
110
111 (% class="box infomessage" %)
112 (((
113 If there is the "Overvoltage" error, the **charging **contactor and **discharging **contactor open (if the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error” flag is set).
114 )))
115
116 === Low temperature ===
117
118 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low temperature.
119
120 To change the battery protection parameters from low temperature, select the "Protections → Low temperature" section:
121
122 [[image:1733748045675-570.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="137" width="800"]]
123
124 In this section:
125
126 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
127 * Minimum charge temperature, °C;
128 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
129 * Minimum discharge temperature, °C;
130 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
131 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
132 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
133 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
134
135 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from low temperature, the "Low temperature (CH)" and/or “Low temperature (DCH)” error are generated.
136
137 Error generation conditions:
138
139 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
140
141 Conditions for removing the error:
142
143 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
144
145 (% class="box infomessage" %)
146 (((
147 If there is the "Low temperature (CH)" error, the **charging **contactor opens. If there is the "Low temperature (DCH)" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
148 )))
149
150 === High temperature ===
151
152 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high temperature.
153
154 To change the battery protection parameters from high temperature, select the "Protections → High temperature" section:
155
156 [[image:1733748045683-426.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
157
158 In this section:
159
160 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
161 * Maximum charge temperature, °C;
162 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
163 * Maximum discharge temperature, °C;
164 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
165 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
166 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
167 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
168
169 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high temperature, the "High temperature (CH)" or “High temperature (DCH)” error is generated.
170
171 Error generation conditions:
172
173 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
174
175 Conditions for removing the error:
176
177 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
178
179 (% class="box infomessage" %)
180 (((
181 If there is the "High temperature (CH)" error, the **charging **contactor opens. If there is the "High temperature (DCH)" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
182 )))
183
184 === Battery cover ===
185
186 To change the protection parameters from opening the battery cover, select the "Protections → Battery cover" section:
187
188 [[image:1733748045685-763.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="92" width="800"]]
189
190 In this section:
191
192 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
193 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
194 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
195 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
196
197 As a result of the operation of the protection against opening the battery cover, the “Battery cover error” is generated.
198
199 Error generation conditions:
200
201 * there is a signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
202
203 Conditions for removing the error:
204
205 * no signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
206
207 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
208 (((
209 If there is the "Battery cover error", the **“Critical error” **is generated **and all contactors open.**
210 )))
211
212 === Cell monitor offline ===
213
214 The BMS Mini device checks if there is connection with cell monitor and set an error if not.
215
216 To change the cell monitor offline protection parameters, select the "Protections → Cell monitor offline" section:
217
218 [[image:1733748045686-719.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="93" width="800"]]
219
220 In this section:
221
222 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
223 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
224
225 As a result of the operation of the protection from the cell monitor offline, the "Cell monitor offline error" is generated.
226
227 Error generation conditions:
228
229 * there is not connection with the cell monitor.
230
231 Conditions for removing the error:
232
233 * connection with the cell monitor is established.
234
235 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
236 (((
Admin 1.5 237 If there is the " Cell monitor offline error", the **“Critical error” **is generated and** all contactors open.**
Admin 1.1 238 )))
239
240 === Cell count ===
241
242 To change the protection parameters from the mismatch of the number of cells to the set value, select the "Protections → Cell count" section:
243
244 [[image:1733748057078-555.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="103" width="800"]]
245
246 In this section:
247
248 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
249 * Number of cells – a number of cells connected to the BMS;
250 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
251 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
252 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
253
254 As a result of the operation of the protection from the mismatch of the number of cells, the "Cell count error" is generated.
255
256 Error generation conditions:
257
258 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **not equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
259
260 Conditions for removing the error:
261
262 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
263
264 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
265 (((
266 If there is the "Cell count error", the **“Critical error” **is generated and **all contactors open.**
267 )))
268
269 === Short circuit ===
270
271 The BMS Mini device implements a protection of power circuits (contactors, power wires) against overheating caused by the flow of high current for a long time.
272
273 To change the protection parameters from short circuit, select the "Protections → Short circuit" section:
274
275 [[image:1733748057080-806.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="213" width="800"]]
276
277 In this section:
278
279 * Level 1, 2, 3 – three protection levels. The following parameters are configured at each level:
280 ** Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
281 ** Maximum current, A;
282 ** Delay before setting the error, second;
283 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
284 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
285 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
286 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
287
288 If there is a short circuit, the "Short circuit" error is generated.
289
290 Error generation conditions:
291
292 * at any of the three protection levels, the current modulo is greater than the “Maximum current” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
293
294 Conditions for removing the error:
295
296 * the current modulo is lower than the “Maximum current” values for all three protection levels during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
297
298 (% class="box infomessage" %)
299 (((
300 If there is the "Short circuit" error, the **charging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the charging contactor on error” flag is set) and the **discharging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error flag” is set).
301 )))
302
303 === High contactor temperature ===
304
305 The BMS Mini device protects power contactors from overheating. To measure the temperature of the contactor, one of the thermistors connected to the X6 connector is used.
306
307 To change the overheating protection parameters of power contactors, select the "Protections → High contactor temperature" section:
308
309 [[image:1733748057082-234.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="183" width="800"]]
310
311 In this section:
312
313 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
314 * Thermistor – a selection of which cell thermistor will be used as contactor temperature sensor;
315 * Maximum contactor temperature, °C;
316 * Tolerant contactor temperature, °C;
317 * Delay before setting the error, second;
318 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
319 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
320 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
321 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
322
323 If there is a contactor overheat, the "High contactor temperature" error is generated.
324
325 Error generation conditions:
326
327 * the contactor temperature is greater than the “Maximum temperature” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
328
329 Conditions for removing the error:
330
331 * the contactor temperature is lower than the “Tolerant temperature” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
332
333 If there is the "High contactor temperature" error, the **charging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the charging contactor on error” flag is set) and the **discharging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error” flag is set).
334
335 === Current sensor ===
336
337 The BMS Mini device checks the current sensor connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit to the +5 V supply line.
338
339 To change the test parameters of the current sensor connection circuits, select the "Protections → Current sensor" section:
340
341 [[image:1733748057083-985.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
342
343 In this section:
344
345 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
346 * Maximum voltage, V;
347 * Minimum voltage, V;
348 * Voltage hysteresis – a hysteresis value to clear the error, V;
349 * Delay before setting the error, second;
350 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
351 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
352
353 If there is an open or short circuit connection of a current sensor, the "Current sensor error" is generated.
354
355 Error generation conditions:
356
357 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is greater than the “Maximum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time;
358 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is less than the “Minimum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
359
360 Conditions for removing the error:
361
362 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is in range from (Minimum voltage + Voltage hysteresis) to (Maximum voltage - Voltage hysteresis) during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
363
364 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
365 (((
Admin 1.5 366 If there is the “Current sensor error”, the **“Critical error” **is generated and** all contactors open.**
Admin 1.1 367 )))
368
369 === Charge contactor cycles ===
370
371 The BMS Mini device protects the charging contactor against frequent switching.
372
373 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the charging contactor, select the "Protections → Charge contactor cycles" section:
374
375 [[image:1733748068419-377.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="140" width="800"]]
376
377 In this section:
378
379 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
380 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated;
381 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
382 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
383 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
384 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
385 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
386
387 If there is the high switching frequency of the charging contactor, the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated.
388
389 Error generation conditions:
390
391 * the number of switchings of the charging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
392
393 Conditions for removing the error:
394
395 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
396
397 (% class="box infomessage" %)
398 (((
399 If there is the "CH contactor cycles error" error, the **charging** contactor opens.
400 )))
401
402 === Discharge contactor cycles protection ===
403
404 The BMS Mini device protects the discharging contactor against frequent switching.
405
406 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the discharging contactor, select the "Protections → Discharging contactor cycles" section:
407
408 [[image:1733748068420-615.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
409
410 In this section:
411
412 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
413 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated;
414 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
415 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
416 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
417 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
418 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
419
420 If there is the high switching frequency of the discharging contactor, the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated.
421
422 Error generation conditions:
423
424 * the number of switchings of the discharging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
425
426 Conditions for removing the error:
427
428 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
429
430 (% class="box infomessage" %)
431 (((
432 If there is the "DCH contactor cycles error" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
433 )))
434
435 === Temperature sensors ===
436
437 The BMS Mini device checks the temperature sensors connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit.
438
439 To change the protection parameters of the temperature sensors circuits, select the "Protections → Temperature sensors" section:
440
441 [[image:1733748068421-819.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="115" width="800"]]
442
443 In this section:
444
445 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
446 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
447 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
448 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
449
450 If there are no temperature sensors connected to the BMS Mini or any temperature sensor is shorted, the "No temp. sensors" error and "Temp. sensor is shorted" error are generated respectively. These errors generated and removed with the “Delay before setting the error” and “Delay before clearing the error” delays.
451
452 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
453 (((
454 If there is the “No temp. sensors” or “Temp. sensor is shorted” error, the **“Critical error” **is generated and **all contactors open.**
455 )))
456
457 === WDT reset ===
458
459 If the BMS firmware hangs, the watchdog timer resets the device. The BMS can detect that the device was reset and generates the “WDT reset” error.
460
461 To change the parameters of the watchdog protection, select the "Protections → WDT reset" section:
462
463 [[image:1733748068422-188.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
464
465 In this section:
466
467 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
468 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
469 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
470
471 Conditions for removing the error:
472
473 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed from the device startup.
474
475 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
476 (((
477 If there is the "WDT reset" error, the **“Critical error” **is generated and **all contactors open.**
478 )))
479
480 === Unallowable charging ===
481
482 The BMS can detect that the battery is charging through the discharging circuit and protectively open the discharging contactor to prevent unallowable battery operation.
483
484 To change the parameters of the unallowable charging protection, select the "Protections → Unallowable charging" section:
485
486 [[image:1733748083466-209.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
487
488 In this section:
489
490 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
491 * Delay before setting the error, second;
492 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
493 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
494
495 If there is charging the battery through the discharging circuit detected, the "Unallowable charging" error is generated.
496
497 Error generation conditions:
498
499 * the charging contactor is open and the battery current is not zero during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
500
501 Conditions for removing the error:
502
503 * the battery current is zero during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
504
505 (% class="box infomessage" %)
506 (((
507 If there is the "Unallowable charging" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
508 )))
509
510 === Stuck contactor ===
511
512 The BMS Mini device protects contactors against sticking.
513
514 To change the protection parameters against sticking, select the "Protections → Stuck contactor" section:
515
516 [[image:1733748083467-352.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
517
518 In this section:
519
520 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
521 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
522 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
523 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
524
525 If there is a stuck contactor, the “Stuck contactor” error is generated Error generation conditions:
526
527 * charging and discharging contactors are open, but the “Charging current present” or “Discharging current present” signal is set.
528
529 === Contactor feedback ===
530
531 The BMS Mini device can receive feedback signals from contactors and detect discrepancy between the control value and the feedback signal. To enable specific contactor protection, the feedback signal must be connected to corresponding contactor feedback pin on X1 header.
532
533 To change the contactor feedback check parameters, select the "Protections → Contactor feedback" section:
534
535 [[image:1733748083468-378.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
536
537 In this section:
538
539 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
540 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
541 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
542 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
543
544 If there is a discrepancy at any contactor, the corresponding contactor feedback error is generated. Error generation conditions:
545
546 * a command for charging, precharge, discharging, charging/discharging or main contactor not matches its feedback value.
547
548 === Insulation ===
549
550 The BMS Mini device can detect a signal from an external insulation monitoring device (such as Bender IR155) to monitor the insulation quality.
551
552 To change the insulation monitoring parameters, select the "Protections → Insulation" section:
553
554 [[image:1733748083469-478.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
555
556 In this section:
557
558 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
559 * Delay before setting the error, second;
560 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
561 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
562
563 Error is set if corresponding discrete input is set up and it receives logical zero.
564
565 === Critical error ===
566
567 To change the critical error parameters, select the "Protections → Critical error" section:
568
569 [[image:1733748083469-183.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
570
571 In this section:
572
573 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
574 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
575 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
576 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
577
578 The critical error flag is generated if at least one of the following errors is generated during the “Delay before setting the error” time:
579
580 * “Battery cover error”;
581 * “Cell monitor offline”;
582 * “Cell count error”;
583 * “ADC error”;
584 * “Current sensor error”;
585 * “Shunt offline”;
586 * “Shunt error”;
587 * “No temp. sensors”;
588 * “Temp. sensor is shorted”;
589 * “Settings error”;
590 * “WDT reset”;
591 * “Stuck contactor”;
592 * “Contactor feedback error”;
593 * “Insulation fault”.
594
595 The “Critical error” is cleared if there are no errors from the list above during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
596
597 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
598 (((
599 If there is the “Critical error”, **all contactors open.**
600 )))