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Wiki source code of 3.4 Protections

Version 1.4 by Admin on 2024/12/11 13:11
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1 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
2 = Settings =
3
4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="4" style="--numbered-headings-start: 3;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
5 == Protections ==
6
7 The BMS Mini device continuously monitors the state of the cells, the external environment and, when detecting abnormalities, protects the battery and system components from damage.
8
9 === Overcurrent ===
10
11 The BMS Mini device performs the overcurrent protection depending on current sensor values.
12
13 To change the overcurrent protection of the battery, select the "Protections → Overcurrent" section:
14
15 [[image:1733748033234-868.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
16
17 In this section:
18
19 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
20 * Maximum charging current, А;
21 * Tolerant charging current, А;
22 * Maximum discharging current, А;
23 * Tolerant discharging current, А;
24 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
25 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
26 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
27
28 As a result of operation of the overcurrent protection, the "Overcurrent" error is generated.
29
30 Error generation conditions:
31
32 * the current is positive (charging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum charging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time;
33 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is greater than the “Maximum discharging current” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
34
35 Conditions for removing the error:
36
37 * the current is positive (charging) or zero, and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant charging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time;
38 * the current is negative (discharging), and its modulo value is less than the “Tolerant discharging current” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
39
40 (% class="box infomessage" %)
41 (((
42 If there is the "Overcurrent" error, the **charging **and **discharging **contactors open.
43 )))
44
45 === Undervoltage ===
46
47 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low voltage on the cells.
48
49 To change the battery protection parameters from low voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Undervoltage" section:
50
51 [[image:1733748033237-837.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="127" width="800"]]
52
53 In this section:
54
55 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
56 * Minimum cell voltage, V;
57 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
58 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
59 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
60 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
61
62 As a result of the operation of battery protection from low voltage, the "Undervoltage" error is generated.
63
64 Error generation conditions:
65
66 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
67
68 Conditions for removing the error:
69
70 * the minimum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
71
72 (% class="box infomessage" %)
73 (((
74 If there is the "Undervoltage" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
75 )))
76
77 === Overvoltage ===
78
79 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high voltage on the cells.
80
81 To change the battery protection parameters from high voltage on the cells, select the "Protections → Overvoltage" section:
82
83 [[image:1733748033238-995.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
84
85 In this section:
86
87 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
88 * Maximum cell voltage, V;
89 * Tolerant cell voltage, V;
90 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
91 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
92 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Overvoltage" error is generated;
93 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
94
95 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high voltage, the "Overvoltage" error is generated.
96
97 Error generation conditions:
98
99 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell voltage” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
100
101 Conditions for removing the error:
102
103 * the maximum voltage among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell voltage” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
104
105 (% class="box infomessage" %)
106 (((
107 If there is the "Overvoltage" error, the **charging **contactor and **discharging **contactor open (if the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error” flag is set).
108 )))
109
110 === Low temperature ===
111
112 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too low temperature.
113
114 To change the battery protection parameters from low temperature, select the "Protections → Low temperature" section:
115
116 [[image:1733748045675-570.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="137" width="800"]]
117
118 In this section:
119
120 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
121 * Minimum charge temperature, °C;
122 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
123 * Minimum discharge temperature, °C;
124 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
125 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
126 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
127 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
128
129 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from low temperature, the "Low temperature (CH)" and/or “Low temperature (DCH)” error are generated.
130
131 Error generation conditions:
132
133 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
134
135 Conditions for removing the error:
136
137 * the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
138
139 (% class="box infomessage" %)
140 (((
141 If there is the "Low temperature (CH)" error, the **charging **contactor opens. If there is the "Low temperature (DCH)" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
142 )))
143
144 === High temperature ===
145
146 The BMS Mini device implements battery protection from too high temperature.
147
148 To change the battery protection parameters from high temperature, select the "Protections → High temperature" section:
149
150 [[image:1733748045683-426.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
151
152 In this section:
153
154 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
155 * Maximum charge temperature, °C;
156 * Tolerant charge temperature, °C;
157 * Maximum discharge temperature, °C;
158 * Tolerant discharge temperature, °C;
159 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
160 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
161 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
162
163 As a result of the operation of the battery protection from high temperature, the "High temperature (CH)" or “High temperature (DCH)” error is generated.
164
165 Error generation conditions:
166
167 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before setting the error” time.
168
169 Conditions for removing the error:
170
171 * the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant charging (discharging) temperature” value for the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
172
173 (% class="box infomessage" %)
174 (((
175 If there is the "High temperature (CH)" error, the **charging **contactor opens. If there is the "High temperature (DCH)" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
176 )))
177
178 === Battery cover ===
179
180 To change the protection parameters from opening the battery cover, select the "Protections → Battery cover" section:
181
182 [[image:1733748045685-763.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="92" width="800"]]
183
184 In this section:
185
186 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
187 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
188 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
189 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
190
191 As a result of the operation of the protection against opening the battery cover, the “Battery cover error” is generated.
192
193 Error generation conditions:
194
195 * there is a signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
196
197 Conditions for removing the error:
198
199 * no signal from the battery cover during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
200
201 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
202 (((
203 If there is the "Battery cover error", the **“Critical error” **is generated **and all contactors open.**
204 )))
205
206 === Cell monitor offline ===
207
208 The BMS Mini device checks if there is connection with cell monitor and set an error if not.
209
210 To change the cell monitor offline protection parameters, select the "Protections → Cell monitor offline" section:
211
212 [[image:1733748045686-719.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="93" width="800"]]
213
214 In this section:
215
216 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
217 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
218
219 As a result of the operation of the protection from the cell monitor offline, the "Cell monitor offline error" is generated.
220
221 Error generation conditions:
222
223 * there is not connection with the cell monitor.
224
225 Conditions for removing the error:
226
227 * connection with the cell monitor is established.
228
229 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
230 (((
231 If there is the " Cell monitor offline error", the **“Critical error” **is generated and** all contactors open.**
232 )))
233
234 === Cell count ===
235
236 To change the protection parameters from the mismatch of the number of cells to the set value, select the "Protections → Cell count" section:
237
238 [[image:1733748057078-555.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="103" width="800"]]
239
240 In this section:
241
242 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
243 * Number of cells – a number of cells connected to the BMS;
244 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
245 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
246 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
247
248 As a result of the operation of the protection from the mismatch of the number of cells, the "Cell count error" is generated.
249
250 Error generation conditions:
251
252 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **not equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
253
254 Conditions for removing the error:
255
256 * the number of cells connected to the BMS is **equal** to the “Number of cells” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
257
258 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
259 (((
260 If there is the "Cell count error", the **“Critical error” **is generated and **all contactors open.**
261 )))
262
263 === Short circuit ===
264
265 The BMS Mini device implements a protection of power circuits (contactors, power wires) against overheating caused by the flow of high current for a long time.
266
267 To change the protection parameters from short circuit, select the "Protections → Short circuit" section:
268
269 [[image:1733748057080-806.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="213" width="800"]]
270
271 In this section:
272
273 * Level 1, 2, 3 – three protection levels. The following parameters are configured at each level:
274 ** Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
275 ** Maximum current, A;
276 ** Delay before setting the error, second;
277 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
278 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "Short circuit" error occurs;
279 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
280 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
281
282 If there is a short circuit, the "Short circuit" error is generated.
283
284 Error generation conditions:
285
286 * at any of the three protection levels, the current modulo is greater than the “Maximum current” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
287
288 Conditions for removing the error:
289
290 * the current modulo is lower than the “Maximum current” values for all three protection levels during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
291
292 (% class="box infomessage" %)
293 (((
294 If there is the "Short circuit" error, the **charging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the charging contactor on error” flag is set) and the **discharging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error flag” is set).
295 )))
296
297 === High contactor temperature ===
298
299 The BMS Mini device protects power contactors from overheating. To measure the temperature of the contactor, one of the thermistors connected to the X6 connector is used.
300
301 To change the overheating protection parameters of power contactors, select the "Protections → High contactor temperature" section:
302
303 [[image:1733748057082-234.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="183" width="800"]]
304
305 In this section:
306
307 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
308 * Thermistor – a selection of which cell thermistor will be used as contactor temperature sensor;
309 * Maximum contactor temperature, °C;
310 * Tolerant contactor temperature, °C;
311 * Delay before setting the error, second;
312 * Switch off the charging contactor on error – a flag to open the charging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
313 * Switch off the discharging contactor on error – a flag to open the discharging contactor when the "High contactor temperature" error occurs;
314 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
315 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
316
317 If there is a contactor overheat, the "High contactor temperature" error is generated.
318
319 Error generation conditions:
320
321 * the contactor temperature is greater than the “Maximum temperature” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
322
323 Conditions for removing the error:
324
325 * the contactor temperature is lower than the “Tolerant temperature” value during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
326
327 If there is the "High contactor temperature" error, the **charging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the charging contactor on error” flag is set) and the **discharging **contactor opens (the “Switch off the discharging contactor on error” flag is set).
328
329 === Current sensor ===
330
331 The BMS Mini device checks the current sensor connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit to the +5 V supply line.
332
333 To change the test parameters of the current sensor connection circuits, select the "Protections → Current sensor" section:
334
335 [[image:1733748057083-985.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
336
337 In this section:
338
339 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
340 * Maximum voltage, V;
341 * Minimum voltage, V;
342 * Voltage hysteresis – a hysteresis value to clear the error, V;
343 * Delay before setting the error, second;
344 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
345 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
346
347 If there is an open or short circuit connection of a current sensor, the "Current sensor error" is generated.
348
349 Error generation conditions:
350
351 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is greater than the “Maximum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time;
352 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is less than the “Minimum voltage” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
353
354 Conditions for removing the error:
355
356 * the voltage in the signal line or zero level line of the current sensor is in range from (Minimum voltage + Voltage hysteresis) to (Maximum voltage - Voltage hysteresis) during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
357
358 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
359 (((
360 If there is the “Current sensor error”, the **“Critical error” **is generated and** all contactors open.**
361 )))
362
363 === Charge contactor cycles ===
364
365 The BMS Mini device protects the charging contactor against frequent switching.
366
367 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the charging contactor, select the "Protections → Charge contactor cycles" section:
368
369 [[image:1733748068419-377.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="140" width="800"]]
370
371 In this section:
372
373 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
374 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated;
375 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
376 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
377 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
378 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
379 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
380
381 If there is the high switching frequency of the charging contactor, the “CH contactor cycles error” is generated.
382
383 Error generation conditions:
384
385 * the number of switchings of the charging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
386
387 Conditions for removing the error:
388
389 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
390
391 (% class="box infomessage" %)
392 (((
393 If there is the "CH contactor cycles error" error, the **charging** contactor opens.
394 )))
395
396 === Discharge contactor cycles protection ===
397
398 The BMS Mini device protects the discharging contactor against frequent switching.
399
400 To change the protection parameters against high frequency switching of the discharging contactor, select the "Protections → Discharging contactor cycles" section:
401
402 [[image:1733748068420-615.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="139" width="800"]]
403
404 In this section:
405
406 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
407 * Cycles threshold – a number of cycles in a given period, upon which the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated;
408 * Check time – a time in which the BMS counts switchings of the charging contactor, second;
409 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
410 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
411 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
412 * Number of cycles – a number of the charging contactor switchings made during battery operation.
413
414 If there is the high switching frequency of the discharging contactor, the “DCH contactor cycles error” is generated.
415
416 Error generation conditions:
417
418 * the number of switchings of the discharging contactor for the “Check time” time is greater than or equal to the “Cycles threshold” value. The error is generated with the “Delay before setting the error” delay.
419
420 Conditions for removing the error:
421
422 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed since the error was generated.
423
424 (% class="box infomessage" %)
425 (((
426 If there is the "DCH contactor cycles error" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
427 )))
428
429 === Temperature sensors ===
430
431 The BMS Mini device checks the temperature sensors connection circuits. The circuits are checked for breakage and short-circuit.
432
433 To change the protection parameters of the temperature sensors circuits, select the "Protections → Temperature sensors" section:
434
435 [[image:1733748068421-819.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="115" width="800"]]
436
437 In this section:
438
439 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
440 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
441 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
442 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
443
444 If there are no temperature sensors connected to the BMS Mini or any temperature sensor is shorted, the "No temp. sensors" error and "Temp. sensor is shorted" error are generated respectively. These errors generated and removed with the “Delay before setting the error” and “Delay before clearing the error” delays.
445
446 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
447 (((
448 If there is the “No temp. sensors” or “Temp. sensor is shorted” error, the **“Critical error” **is generated and **all contactors open.**
449 )))
450
451 === WDT reset ===
452
453 If the BMS firmware hangs, the watchdog timer resets the device. The BMS can detect that the device was reset and generates the “WDT reset” error.
454
455 To change the parameters of the watchdog protection, select the "Protections → WDT reset" section:
456
457 [[image:1733748068422-188.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
458
459 In this section:
460
461 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
462 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
463 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
464
465 Conditions for removing the error:
466
467 * the “Delay before clearing the error” time has passed from the device startup.
468
469 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
470 (((
471 If there is the "WDT reset" error, the **“Critical error” **is generated and **all contactors open.**
472 )))
473
474 === Unallowable charging ===
475
476 The BMS can detect that the battery is charging through the discharging circuit and protectively open the discharging contactor to prevent unallowable battery operation.
477
478 To change the parameters of the unallowable charging protection, select the "Protections → Unallowable charging" section:
479
480 [[image:1733748083466-209.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
481
482 In this section:
483
484 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
485 * Delay before setting the error, second;
486 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
487 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
488
489 If there is charging the battery through the discharging circuit detected, the "Unallowable charging" error is generated.
490
491 Error generation conditions:
492
493 * the charging contactor is open and the battery current is not zero during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
494
495 Conditions for removing the error:
496
497 * the battery current is zero during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
498
499 (% class="box infomessage" %)
500 (((
501 If there is the "Unallowable charging" error, the **discharging **contactor opens.
502 )))
503
504 === Stuck contactor ===
505
506 The BMS Mini device protects contactors against sticking.
507
508 To change the protection parameters against sticking, select the "Protections → Stuck contactor" section:
509
510 [[image:1733748083467-352.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
511
512 In this section:
513
514 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
515 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
516 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
517 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
518
519 If there is a stuck contactor, the “Stuck contactor” error is generated Error generation conditions:
520
521 * charging and discharging contactors are open, but the “Charging current present” or “Discharging current present” signal is set.
522
523 === Contactor feedback ===
524
525 The BMS Mini device can receive feedback signals from contactors and detect discrepancy between the control value and the feedback signal. To enable specific contactor protection, the feedback signal must be connected to corresponding contactor feedback pin on X1 header.
526
527 To change the contactor feedback check parameters, select the "Protections → Contactor feedback" section:
528
529 [[image:1733748083468-378.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
530
531 In this section:
532
533 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
534 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
535 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
536 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
537
538 If there is a discrepancy at any contactor, the corresponding contactor feedback error is generated. Error generation conditions:
539
540 * a command for charging, precharge, discharging, charging/discharging or main contactor not matches its feedback value.
541
542 === Insulation ===
543
544 The BMS Mini device can detect a signal from an external insulation monitoring device (such as Bender IR155) to monitor the insulation quality.
545
546 To change the insulation monitoring parameters, select the "Protections → Insulation" section:
547
548 [[image:1733748083469-478.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="102" width="800"]]
549
550 In this section:
551
552 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
553 * Delay before setting the error, second;
554 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
555 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
556
557 Error is set if corresponding discrete input is set up and it receives logical zero.
558
559 === Critical error ===
560
561 To change the critical error parameters, select the "Protections → Critical error" section:
562
563 [[image:1733748083469-183.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="101" width="800"]]
564
565 In this section:
566
567 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
568 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
569 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
570 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
571
572 The critical error flag is generated if at least one of the following errors is generated during the “Delay before setting the error” time:
573
574 * “Battery cover error”;
575 * “Cell monitor offline”;
576 * “Cell count error”;
577 * “ADC error”;
578 * “Current sensor error”;
579 * “Shunt offline”;
580 * “Shunt error”;
581 * “No temp. sensors”;
582 * “Temp. sensor is shorted”;
583 * “Settings error”;
584 * “WDT reset”;
585 * “Stuck contactor”;
586 * “Contactor feedback error”;
587 * “Insulation fault”.
588
589 The “Critical error” is cleared if there are no errors from the list above during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
590
591 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
592 (((
593 If there is the “Critical error”, **all contactors open.**
594 )))