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Wiki source code of 3.4 Protections

Version 5.2 by Admin on 2025/02/28 14:56
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Admin 1.1 1 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
2 = Settings =
3
4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="4" style="--numbered-headings-start: 3;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %)
5 == Protections ==
6
Admin 2.1 7 The BMS Main X monitors the battery modules, compares the voltages and currents of the modules, and protects the battery system from damage.
Admin 1.1 8
Admin 3.2 9 (% class="box errormessage" %)
10 (((
11 **Attention!**
12 Behavior of contactors at different errors is configured in **corresponding contactor settings**!
13 )))
14
15 === Charging current limit ===
16
17 The BMS Main X device protects the battery from charging current higher than estimated current limit.
18
19 To configure parameters of the charge current limit, select the "Protections → Charge current limit" section:
20
21 [[image:1740754371437-635.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="142" width="800"]]
22
Admin 4.2 23 In this section:
Admin 3.2 24
Admin 4.2 25 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
26 * Threshold to switch from Region 1 to Region 2 – a threshold current value, dividing regions 1 and 2 with their error generation conditions, A;
27 * Region 1: Current difference – an absolute difference of measured battery current and calculated value “Charge current limit”, at which error is generated (condition for Region 1), A;
28 * Region 2: Current difference – a relative difference of measured battery current and calculated value “Charge current limit”, at which error is generated (conditions for Region 2), %;
29 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
30 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
31 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
32
33 As a result of the operation of the charging current limit protection, the “Current limit error (CH)” is generated.
34
35 Error generation conditions:
36
37 * if the current is positive, less than “Threshold to switch from Region 1 to Region 2” value and exceeds “Charge current limit” by the “Region 1: Current difference” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time;
38 * if the current is positive, more than “Threshold to switch from Region 1 to Region 2” value and exceeds “Charge current limit” by the (“Region 2: Current difference” × “Charge current limit”) / 100 value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
39
40 Error is cleared if conditions for generating an error do not apply during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
41
42 === Discharging current limit ===
43
44 The BMS Main X device protects the battery from discharging current higher than estimated current limit.
45
46 To configure parameters of the charge current limit, select the "Protections → Discharge current limit " section:
47
48 [[image:1740754420820-767.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="138" width="800"]]
49
50 In this section:
51
52 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
53 * Threshold to switch from Region 1 to Region 2 – a threshold current value, dividing regions 1 and 2 with their error generation conditions, A;
54 * Region 1: Current difference – an absolute difference of measured battery current and calculated value “Discharge current limit”, at which error is generated (condition for Region 1), A;
55 * Region 2: Current difference – a relative difference of measured battery current and calculated value “Discharge current limit”, at which error is generated (conditions for Region 2), %;
56 * Delay before setting the error, millisecond;
57 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
58 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
59
60 As a result of the operation of the charging current limit protection, the “Current limit error (DCH)” is generated.
61
62 Error generation conditions:
63
64 * if the current is negative, and the current modulus is less than “Threshold to switch from Region 1 to Region 2” value and exceeds “Discharge current limit” by the “Region 1: Current difference” value during the “Delay before setting the error” time;
65 * if the current is negative, and the current modulus is more than “Threshold to switch from Region 1 to Region 2” value and exceeds “Discharge current limit” by the (“Region 2: Current difference” × “Discharge current limit”) / 100 value during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
66
67 Error is cleared if conditions for generating an error do not apply during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
68
Admin 1.1 69 === Battery cover ===
70
71 The BMS Main X device detects the opening of the battery cover and performs a protective opening of the contactors.
72
73 Battery cover protection is configured in the "Protections - Battery cover" section:
74
Admin 4.2 75 [[image:1734356776691-451.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="88" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 76
77 In this section:
78
79 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
80 * Delay before setting the error;
81 * Delay before clearing the error;
82 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
83
84 As a result of the protection against opening the battery cover, the “Battery cover” error is generated. Conditions for generating the error:
85
86 * presence of the “Battery cover” signal during the “Delay before setting the error” time.
87
88 Conditions for clearing the error:
89
90 * no “Battery cover” signal during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
91
92 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
93 (((
Admin 4.2 94 If there is the "Battery cover" error, the **"Critical error flag" is generated.**
Admin 1.1 95 )))
96
97 === Insulation ===
98
99 The BMS Main X device detects a signal from an external insulation monitoring device (e.g., Bender IR155) and performs a protective opening of the contactors.
100
101 Insulation protection is configured in the "Protections - Insulation" section:
102
Admin 5.2 103 [[image:1740754491323-815.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="121" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 104
105 In this section:
106
Admin 5.2 107 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
108 * Checking algorithm – isolation checking mode:
109 ** Always on – check is always performed;
110 ** On charging – check is performed only if the “Charge request” is set;
111 ** Except charging - check is performed only if the “Charge request” is cleared;
112 * Delay before setting the error, second;
113 * Delay before clearing the error, second;
Admin 1.1 114 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
115
Admin 5.2 116 The “Insulation fault” is set if the “Insulation status” signal is detected during the “Delay before setting the error” time. The “Insulation status” signal can be received through the discrete input or by the CAN bus from an insulation monitoring device. The “Insulation fault” is cleared if the “Insulation status” signal is cleared during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
Admin 1.1 117
118 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
119 (((
Admin 5.2 120 If there is the "Insulation fault" error, **the critical error flag is generated.**
Admin 1.1 121 )))
122
123 === Contactor feedback ===
124
Admin 2.1 125 The BMS Main X device detects the feedback signals from the main contactors and, in the event of a discrepancy between the feedback signals from the control signals, performs a protective opening of the contactors.
Admin 1.1 126
127 Contactor feedback protection is configured in the “Protections – Contactor feedback” section:
128
Admin 5.2 129 [[image:1734356776695-557.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="89" width="800"]]
Admin 1.1 130
131 In this section:
132
133 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
134 * Delay before setting the error;
135 * Delay before clearing the error;
136 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
137
138 As a result of the protection against contactor failures, the errors "CH contactor feedback error", "DCH contactor feedback error", "CH/DCH contactor feedback error" are generated. Conditions for generating the errors:
139
140 * feedback signal from the contactor differs from the contactor control signal for the time "Delay before setting the error".
141
142 Conditions for clearing the error:
143
144 * feedback signal from the contactor repeats the contactor control signal for the time "Delay before clearing the error".
145
146 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
147 (((
Admin 5.2 148 If there is the “CH contactor feedback error”, “DCH contactor feedback error”, or “CH/DCH contactor feedback error”, **the critical error flag is generated.**
Admin 1.1 149 )))
150
151 === Module offline ===
152
153 The BMS Main X device detects the loss of communication with the battery modules and performs a protective opening of the contactors.
154
155 Protection against loss of communication with battery modules is configured in the "Protections - Module offline" section:
156
157 [[image:1734356793441-881.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="75" width="600"]]
158
159 In this section:
160
161 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
162 * Delay before setting the error;
163 * Delay before clearing the error;
164 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
165
166 As a result of the protection against loss of communication with the battery module, the “Module offline” error is generated. Conditions for generating the error:
167
168 * at least one of the battery modules does not respond to commands within the "Delay before setting the error" time.
169
170 Conditions for clearing the error:
171
172 * all battery modules respond to commands within the "Delay before clearing the error" time.
173
174 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
175 (((
176 If there is the "Module offline" error, **the critical error flag is generated and all battery contactors open.**
177 )))
178
179 === Voltage unbalance ===
180
181 Before closing the contactors for charging and discharging battery modules, the BMS Main X device detects those modules whose voltage is significantly different from the rest. For unbalanced modules, errors "Voltage unbalance (CH)" (charge circuit) and "Voltage unbalance (DCH)" (discharge circuit) are generated.
182
183 Protection against voltage unbalance of battery modules is configured in the section "Protections - Voltage unbalance":
184
185 [[image:1734356793449-249.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="75" width="600"]]
186
187 In this section:
188
189 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
190 * Delta voltage – maximum allowable voltage difference of battery modules, V;
191 * Delay before setting the error;
192 * Delay before clearing the error;
193 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
194
195 As a result of the operation of the voltage unbalance protection the errors “Voltage unbalance (CH)” and “Voltage unbalance (DCH)” are generated. Conditions for generating the error:
196
197 * battery module is not included in the largest group of modules whose voltages differ from each other by no more than "Delta voltage" during the "Delay before setting the error" time.
198
199 Conditions for clearing the error:
200
201 * battery module is in the largest group of balanced modules during the "Delay before clearing the error" time.
202
203 If there is the error "Voltage unbalance (CH)" ("Voltage unbalance (DCH)"), the charging (discharging) contactor of the battery module opens.
204
205 === Current unbalance ===
206
Admin 2.1 207 When battery modules are connected in parallel, the most charged modules transfer charge to the least charged modules. The process of charge transfer is accompanied by the flow of balancing currents. The BMS Main X device detects modules with high balancing currents and generates “Current unbalance (CH)” (charge circuit) and “Current unbalance (DCH)” (discharge circuit) errors for them.
Admin 1.1 208
209 Protection against current unbalance of battery modules is configured in the section "Protections - Current unbalance":
210
211 [[image:1734356793451-440.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="77" width="600"]]
212
213 In this section:
214
215 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
216 * Maximum current – a maximum allowable self-balancing current of battery modules, A;
217 * Delay before setting the error;
218 * Delay before clearing the error;
219 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
220
221 As a result of the operation of the current unbalance protection the errors “Current unbalance (CH)” and “Current unbalance (DCH)” are generated. Conditions for generating the error:
222
223 * current of the battery module is greater than the "Maximum current" value during the "Delay before setting the error" time.
224
225 Conditions for clearing the error:
226
227 * current of the battery module is less than the "Maximum current" value during the "Delay before clearing the error" time.
228
229 If there is the error "Current unbalance (CH)" ("Current unbalance (DCH)"), the charging (discharging) contactor of the battery module opens.
230
231 === Charging current unbalance ===
232
Admin 2.1 233 During battery charging, the currents of the battery modules may vary. The BMS Main X device detects modules whose charging currents are significantly different from the currents of other modules and generates the “Charging current unbalance” errors for them.
Admin 1.1 234
235 Protection against different charge currents is configured in the "Protections – Charging current unbalance" section:
236
237 [[image:1734356802715-364.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="75" width="600"]]
238
239 In this section:
240
241 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
242 * Delta current – maximum allowable charge current difference, A;
243 * Delay before setting the error;
244 * Delay before clearing the error;
245 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
246
247 As a result of the operation of the protection the “Charging current unbalance” are generated. Conditions for generating the errors:
248
249 * battery module is not included in the largest group of modules whose charge currents differ from each other by no more than "Delta current" during the "Delay before setting the error" time.
250
251 Conditions for clearing the error:
252
253 * battery module is included in the largest group of modules with similar charge currents during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
254
255 If there is the “Charging current unbalance” error, the battery module charging contactor opens.
256
257 === Discharging current unbalance ===
258
Admin 2.1 259 During battery discharging, the currents of the battery modules may vary. The BMS Main X device detects modules whose discharging currents are significantly different from the currents of other modules and generates the “Discharging current unbalance” errors for them.
Admin 1.1 260
261 Protection against different discharge currents is configured in the "Protections – Discharging current unbalance" section:
262
263 [[image:1734356802717-812.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="75" width="600"]]
264
265 In this section:
266
267 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
268 * Delta current – maximum allowable discharge current difference, A;
269 * Delay before setting the error;
270 * Delay before clearing the error;
271 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
272
273 As a result of the operation of the protection the “Discharging current unbalance” are generated. Conditions for generating the errors:
274
275 * battery module is not included in the largest group of modules whose discharge currents differ from each other by no more than "Delta current" during the "Delay before setting the error" time.
276
277 Conditions for clearing the error:
278
279 * battery module is included in the largest group of modules with similar discharge currents during the “Delay before clearing the error” time.
280
281 If there is the “Discharging current unbalance” error, the battery module discharging contactor opens.
282
283 === Critical error ===
284
285 Parameters for generating the critical error are configured in the "Protections - Critical error" section:
286
287 [[image:1734356802719-477.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="69" width="600"]]
288
289 In this section:
290
291 * Enable – a flag to enable the protection;
292 * Delay before setting the error;
293 * Delay before clearing the error;
294 * Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted.
295
296 The critical error flag is generated if at least one of the following errors persists during the "Delay before setting the error" time:
297
298 * «Battery cover»;
299 * «Insulation fault»;
300 * «CH contactor feedback error»;
301 * «DCH contactor feedback error»;
302 * «CH/DCH contactor feedback error»;
303 * «Module offline».
304
305 The critical error flag is cleared if there are no errors from the list above during the "Delay before clearing the error" time.
306
307 (% class="box warningmessage" %)
308 (((
309 **When the critical error flag is present, all battery contactors open.**
310 )))