Changes for page 3.3 Control
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@ 1 - drafts.BMS Main 3X.3\. Configuration.WebHome1 +Battery management systems.BMS Main 3X.3\. Configuration.WebHome - Content
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... ... @@ -4,14 +4,18 @@ 4 4 (% data-numbered-headings-start="3" style="--numbered-headings-start: 2;font-size: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" %) 5 5 == Control == 6 6 7 -=== Generalparameters===7 +=== Initialization === 8 8 9 - General parameters of BMS Main 3X are configured in the «Control →General» section:9 +Initialization parameters of BMS Main 3X are configured in the «Control → Initialization» section: 10 10 11 11 [[image:1734023979572-693.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="79" width="600"]] 12 12 13 - *Initializationdelay – a delay before processing functions after finishing device initialization (initialization includescurrentsensorscalibrationand battery modules search), millisecond.13 +In this section: 14 14 15 +* Module initialization timeout – a timeout for modules to answer the requests from BMS Main 3X and to be estimated as found, millisecond; 16 +* Minimum number of found modules to finish initialization; 17 +* Device initialization delay after modules are initialized – a delay before processing functions after finishing device initialization (initialization includes current sensors calibration and battery modules search), millisecond. 18 + 15 15 === Battery modules === 16 16 17 17 The BMS Main 3X allows up to 32 battery modules with BMS Main 3 onboard to be connected in parallel. ... ... @@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ 18 18 19 19 Flags for enabling battery modules are configured in the "Control → Modules → Enable (modules 1 to 8)" and "Control → Modules → Enable (modules 9 to 32)" section: 20 20 21 -[[image:1734023979582-179.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="165" width="600"]] 22 - 25 +[[image:1743089636435-519.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="147" width="600"]] 23 23 The network addresses of the battery modules are configured in the "Control → Modules → Node IDs (modules 1 to 8)” and "Control → Modules → Node IDs (modules 9 to 32)”: 24 24 25 -[[image:1734023979583-589.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="186" width="600"]] 26 - 28 +[[image:1739976370994-390.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="167" width="600"]] 27 27 Each module in a battery must have a unique address. You can change the address in the battery module settings in the “Connectivity → CAN” section of the BMS Main 3 settings. 28 28 31 +In corresponding section you can set up minimum number of found modules to finish initialization. 32 + 29 29 === Calculation of battery parameters === 30 30 31 31 The BMS Main 3X device calculates battery parameters based on user settings. ... ... @@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ 38 38 39 39 * Minimal SOC – SOC of the modular battery is assumed to be the minimum SOC among the battery modules; 40 40 * Average SOC – SOC of the modular battery is taken equal to the arithmetic average of the SOC of the battery modules; 41 -* Min-Max SOC – SOC of the modular battery is calculated based on the minimal and maximum SOC of the battery modules (recommended). 45 +* Min-Max SOC – the battery SOC is calculated based on the minimum and maximum SOC of the modules. Final SOC will be a) 100% if any module has 100% SOC, b) 0% if any module has 0% SOC; 46 +* Max-Min SOC – the battery SOC is calculated based on the minimum and maximum SOC of the modules. Final SOC will be a) 100% if all modules have 100% SOC, b) 0% if all modules have 0% SOC; 42 42 43 43 Calculation of the battery state of health (SOH) is configured in the "Control → Calculation → Final SOH" section. The following battery SOH calculation methods are supported: 44 44 45 45 * Minimal SOH – SOH of the modular battery is assumed to be the minimum SOH among the battery modules; 51 +* Average SOH – SOH of the modular battery is taken equal to the arithmetic average of the SOH of the battery modules. 46 46 47 -Average SOH – SOH of the modular battery is taken equal to the arithmetic average of the SOH of the battery modules. 48 - 49 49 === Main contactor === 50 50 51 51 The BMS Main 3X device controls the main contactor. The main contactor is usually placed in the common (minus) battery line for opening the charge and discharge circuits in case of sealing of the charging or discharging contactors. ... ... @@ -53,20 +53,19 @@ 53 53 The Main contactor algorithm supports the following modes: 54 54 55 55 * Always on; 56 -* Automatic, when the main contactor closes by the internal charging and discharging algorithms at the same time with Precharging, Charging and Discharging contactors. 60 +* Automatic, when the main contactor closes by the internal charging and discharging algorithms at the same time with Precharging, Charging, Discharging and Charging/Discharging contactors. 57 57 58 -In “Always on” mode ,themain contactor closes if all the following is true:62 +In “Always on” mode main contactor closes if all the following is true: 59 59 60 -* “Charging”contactoris open;61 -* “Discharging”contactor isopen;64 +* Other contactors are open; 65 +* There are no errors from the "Errors 1, 2 ..." bitfileds. 62 62 63 - *thereareno errors.67 +In “Always on” mode main contactor opens if all the following is true: 64 64 65 -In “Always on” mode, the main contactor opens if “Charging” and “Discharging” contactors are open and any of the following is true: 69 +* Other contactors are open; 70 +* There is an error from the the "Errors 1, 2 ..." bitfileds. 66 66 67 -* “Charging current present” is set; 68 -* “Discharging current present” is set; 69 -* one or more errors persist. 72 +In “Automatic” mode, the main contactor closes by internal algorithms at the same time with other contactors. 70 70 71 71 To change the parameters of the main contactor, select the "Control → Main contactor" section: 72 72 ... ... @@ -109,14 +109,35 @@ 109 109 110 110 To change the precharge parameters, select the section “Control → Precharge”: 111 111 112 -[[image:173 4089664376-736.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="56" width="600"]]115 +[[image:1739970002016-142.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="119" width="600"]] 113 113 114 114 In this section: 115 115 116 116 * Precharge current threshold to close the discharging contactor – a current value to ensure that precharge process has finished and it is allowed to close the discharging contactor, A; 117 117 * Check voltages before and after contactors to finish precharging – a flag to check the voltages before and after contactors to ensure that precharge process has finished and it is allowed to close the discharging contactor; 118 -* Minimum voltage difference to finish precharging – a minimum voltage difference before and after contactors to ensure precharge process finished, V. 121 +* Minimum voltage difference before and after contactors to finish precharging – a minimum voltage difference before and after contactors to ensure precharge process finished, V; 122 +* Number of precharging attempts – maximum number of precharging attempts before setting the "Precharge error"; 123 +* Delay before current measurement – a delay before first current measurement after closing precharge, millisecond; 124 +* Precharge time – a duration of closing the precharge contactor before closing the discharging contactor, millisecond; 125 +* Relaxation between attempts – a duration between precharge attempts, millisecond; 126 +* Check the power dissipated in the preacharge resistor - a flag to enable the calculation of power dissipated in precharge resistor; 127 +* Precharge resistor resistance, Ohm; 128 +* Maximum allowable power dissipated in the resistor, W; 129 +* Delay before setting the "Precharge error" when checking power, millisecond; 130 +* Delay before clearing the "Precharge error", second; 131 +* Lock – a flag to block the error until the device is restarted. 119 119 133 +“Precharge error” generation conditions if any of the following is true: 134 + 135 +* the precharge current does not decrease during the "Precharge time" after "Number of precharging attempts"; 136 +* voltages before and after contactors are not equal during the "Precharge time" after "Number of precharging attempts"; 137 +* power dissipated on the precharge resistor is above the maximum value during the “Delay before setting the 'Precharge error' when checking power” time. 138 + 139 +(% class="box warningmessage" %) 140 +((( 141 +Behavior of contactors at “Precharge error” is configured in corresponding contactor settings! 142 +))) 143 + 120 120 === Charge === 121 121 122 122 The BMS Main 3X device manages the parallel connection of the battery modules and the connection of the battery to the charging circuit. ... ... @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ 141 141 142 142 The operation of** closing main charging contactor** is described in the following steps: 143 143 144 -1. The main charging contactor “Charging” is open. When the “Charge request” is received, the voltage and currentunbalanceerrors(“Voltageunbalance (CH)”, “Currentunbalance (CH)”,“Chargingcurrentunbalance”) are cleared, and the battery modules are joined, go to step 2.168 +1. The main charging contactor “Charging” is open. When the “Charge request” is received, there are no errors from the "Errors 1, 2 ..." bitfields, and the battery modules are joined, go to step 2. 145 145 1. Closing the main precharging contactor “Precharging” (optional). Go to step 3. 146 146 1. Closing the main charging contactor "Charging". Go to step 4. 147 147 1. The main charging contactor “Charging” is closed. If the "Charge request" is cleared, the battery modules are disconnected, or errors occur, go to step 1. ... ... @@ -149,12 +149,12 @@ 149 149 The command to turn on the main charging contactor "Charging" can be issued either to the upper-level system via the CAN1 (ext) bus, or to the intelligent switch of the device, which serves for direct control of the main charging contactor "Charging". 150 150 151 151 152 -In addition to controlling the charging contactors, the charge controller calculates and transmits to the upper-level system the value of the maximum allowable current, which can be used to charge the modular battery (“Charge current limit”). The calculation of the charging current of the entire battery is performed based on the number of battery modules operating per charge and the values of the current limits transmitted by them. 176 +In addition to controlling the charging contactors, the charge controller calculates and transmits to the upper-level system the value of the maximum allowable current, which can be used to charge the modular battery (“Charge current limit”). The calculation of the charging current of the entire battery is performed based on the number of battery modules operating per charge and the values of the current limits transmitted by them – total current takes equal to minimum current limit among the modules times the number of modules. Also there is an ability to regulate the total curent such way that each module current does not exceed its current limit. 153 153 154 154 155 155 The battery charge management is configured in the "Control → Charge" section: 156 156 157 -[[image:17 34089684907-463.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="180" width="600"]]181 +[[image:1744733920147-654.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="209" width="600"]] 158 158 159 159 In this section: 160 160 ... ... @@ -166,17 +166,17 @@ 166 166 * Minimum number of modules allowed to join – a minimum number of battery modules that can be connected in parallel; 167 167 * Allowable battery current to rejoin modules – a battery current at which joining of battery modules is permitted, A; 168 168 * Allowable voltage difference to rejoin modules – a difference between the voltage of the disconnected module and the battery voltage at which its joining is permitted, V; 169 -* Checking voltages time – a time of checking voltages of battery modules, millisecond; 170 -* Pre-balancingmodulestimepre-charging battery modules, millisecond;171 -* Balancing modulestimetimeofbalancingbatterymodules,millisecond;193 +* Checking voltages time – a time of checking voltages of battery modules before starting joining modules, millisecond; 194 +* Module balancing time – a time of balancing battery modules after joining modules and before closing main charging contactor, millisecond; 195 +* Interrupt balancing when modules are joined – a flag to break balancing time after all modules are joined; 172 172 * Control the precharging contactor – a flag to control the main precharging contactor; 173 -* Precharging time – a time of precharging, millisecond; 174 174 * Canceling charging time – a delay before opening the main charging contactor, ms; 175 -* Limit module current – a flag that allows to limit the charging current of a modular battery so that the current of each battery module does not exceed its maximum allowable charge current; 176 -* Slew rate – a rate of change of the charge current limit when the “Limit module current” flag is set, A/s; 177 177 * Disconnect modules that are not ready to charge – a flag for disconnecting modules that have the “Ready to charge” signal cleared. 178 178 * Disconnect all modules if one is not ready to charge – a flag for disconnecting all modules if any of the modules have the “Ready to charge” signal cleared; 179 179 * Join modules on the “Charge request” signal – a flag to enable automatic modules joining if “Charge request” signal appears; 201 +* Regulator: Keep battery module currents below limits – a flag to enable regulation of module currents to be below module current limit; 202 +* Regulator: Gain – a gain of current regulator; 203 +* Maximum CONTINUOUS charge current limit – a maximum continuous allowed charging current of all battery, A; 180 180 * Maximum charge current limit – a maximum allowed charging current of all battery, A; 181 181 * Errors 1 (2) to disconnect all battery modules – errors that cause all battery modules to be disconnected from the common bus; 182 182 * Errors 1 (2) to open the charging contactor – errors that cause the main charging contactor "Charging" to open; ... ... @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ 206 206 207 207 The operation of **closing main discharging contactor** is described in the following steps: 208 208 209 -1. The main discharging contactor “Discharging” is open. When the “Discharge request” is received, the voltage and currentunbalanceerrors(“Voltageunbalance (DCH)”, “Currentunbalance (DCH)”,“Dischargingcurrentunbalance”) are cleared, and the battery modules are joined, go to step 2.233 +1. The main discharging contactor “Discharging” is open. When the “Discharge request” is received, there are no errors from the "Errors 1, 2 ..." bitfields, and the battery modules are joined, go to step 2. 210 210 1. Closing the main precharging contactor (optional). Go to step 3. 211 211 1. Closing the main discharging contactor "Discharging". Go to step 4. 212 212 1. The main discharging contactor “Discharging” is closed. If the "Discharge request" is cleared, the battery modules are disconnected, or errors occur, go to step 1. ... ... @@ -214,12 +214,12 @@ 214 214 The command to turn on the main charging contactor "Discharging" can be issued either to the upper-level system via the CAN1 (ext) bus, or to the intelligent switch of the device, which serves for direct control of the main discharging contactor "Discharging". 215 215 216 216 217 -In addition to controlling the discharge contactors, the discharge controller calculates and transmits to the upper-level system the maximum allowable current value with which the modular battery can be discharged ("Discharge current limit"), as well as the maximum regeneration current value with which the modular battery can be charged during operation under load ("Regeneration current limit"). The calculation of the discharge current and regeneration current of the entire battery is performed based on the number of battery modules operating for discharge and the maximum discharge and charge current values transmitted by them. 241 +In addition to controlling the discharge contactors, the discharge controller calculates and transmits to the upper-level system the maximum allowable current value with which the modular battery can be discharged ("Discharge current limit"), as well as the maximum regeneration current value with which the modular battery can be charged during operation under load ("Regeneration current limit"). The calculation of the discharge current and regeneration current of the entire battery is performed based on the number of battery modules operating for discharge and the maximum discharge and charge current values transmitted by them – total current takes equal to minimum current limit among the modules times the number of modules. Also there is an ability to regulate the total curent such way that each module current does not exceed its current limit. 218 218 219 219 220 220 The battery discharge management is configured in the "Control → Discharge" section: 221 221 222 -[[image:17 34089702987-534.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="179" width="600"]]246 +[[image:1744735777632-647.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="226" width="600"]] 223 223 224 224 In this section: 225 225 ... ... @@ -231,17 +231,17 @@ 231 231 * Minimum number of modules allowed to join – a minimum number of battery modules that can be connected in parallel; 232 232 * Allowable battery current to rejoin modules – a battery current at which joining of battery modules is permitted, A; 233 233 * Allowable voltage difference to rejoin modules – a difference between the voltage of the disconnected module and the battery voltage at which its joining is permitted, V; 234 -* Checking voltages time – a time of checking voltages of battery modules, millisecond; 235 -* Pre-balancingmodulestimeprecharging battery modules, millisecond;236 -* Balancing modulestimetimeofbalancingbatterymodules,millisecond;258 +* Checking voltages time – a time of checking voltages of battery modules before starting joining modules, millisecond; 259 +* Module balancing time – a time of balancing battery modules after joining modules and before closing main discharging contactor, millisecond; 260 +* Interrupt balancing when modules are joined – a flag to break balancing time after all modules are joined; 237 237 * Control the precharging contactor – a flag to control the main precharging contactor; 238 -* Precharging time – a time of precharging, millisecond; 239 239 * Canceling discharging time – a delay before opening the main discharging contactor, millisecond; 240 -* Limit module current – a flag that allows to limit the discharging current of a modular battery so that the current of each battery module does not exceed its maximum allowable discharge current; 241 -* Slew rate – a rate of change of the discharge current limit when the “Limit module current” flag is set, A/s; 242 242 * Disconnect modules that are not ready to discharge – a flag for disconnecting modules that have the “Ready to discharge” signal cleared. 243 243 * Disconnect all modules if one is not ready to discharge – a flag for disconnecting all modules if one of the modules have the “Ready to discharge” signal cleared; 244 244 * Join modules on the “Discharge request” signal – a flag to enable automatic modules joining if “Discharge request” signal appears; 266 +* Regulator: Keep battery module currents below limits – a flag to enable regulation of module currents to be below module current limit; 267 +* Regulator: Gain – a gain of current regulator; 268 +* Maximum CONTINUOUS discharge current limit – a maximum allowed continuous discharging current of all the battery, A; 245 245 * Maximum discharge current limit – a maximum allowed discharging current of all the battery, A; 246 246 * Errors 1 (2) to disconnect all battery modules – errors that cause all battery modules to be disconnected from the common bus; 247 247 * Errors 1 (2) to open the discharging contactor – errors that cause the main discharging contactor "Discharging" to open, ... ... @@ -251,15 +251,77 @@ 251 251 252 252 The BMS Main 3X can control the charging/discharging contactor that is used to both charge and discharge the battery. 253 253 254 - The charge/discharge contactor(“Charging/Discharging”signal)receivesa“Charging” signal(generated by the charge controller)if a “Charge request” signal is received from the upper-level system. In all other cases,the "Discharging" signal isoutputtothecontactor(generated by the discharge controller).278 +Charge/Discharge contactor has two algorithms of operation: 255 255 280 +* Dependent - Charge/Discharge contactor depends on Charge and Discharge algorithms and their signals and behaves as Charging contactor if "Charging" signal is set, otherwise – as Discharging contactor; 281 +* Independent - Charge/Discharge contactor is based on its own controller. 282 + 283 +(% class="box warningmessage" %) 284 +((( 285 +**Warning!** 286 +Charge/Discharge algorithms on BMS Main 3X and on battery modules controllers must **be the same**! 287 +))) 288 + 289 +The charging/discharging controller supports the following modes: 290 + 291 +1. Charging/Discharging is always allowed (Always on) – the device ignores voltage and current unbalance of the battery modules and commands to close the discharging contactors of the battery modules and the main discharging contactor. 292 +1. Charging/Discharging is allowed if all battery modules are balanced (Balanced). 293 +1. Charging/Discharging is allowed for most balanced battery modules (Partially balanced). Unbalanced modules are disconnected from the common bus and do not participate in the discharging. 294 + 295 +The device controls two processes: **joining battery modules** and **closing the main charging/discharging contactor**. 296 + 297 +The operation of the **joining battery modules** depends on the signal received: 298 + 299 +* If "Join to charge" is received, joining procedure is done as described in [[Charge>>doc:||anchor="HCharge"]] section; 300 +* If "Join to discharge" is received, joining procedure is done as described in [[Discharge>>doc:||anchor="HDischarge"]] section; 301 +* If both signals received, "Join to charge" has a priority. 302 + 303 +The operation of **closing main charging/discharging contactor **depends on the signal received: 304 + 305 +* If "Charge request" is received, procedure is done as described in [[Charge>>doc:||anchor="HCharge"]] section; 306 +* If "Discharge request" is received, procedure is done as described in [[Discharge>>doc:||anchor="HDischarge"]] section; 307 +* If both signals received, "Charge request" has a priority. 308 + 309 +In addition, the charge/discharge controller calculates and transmits to the upper-level system the maximum allowable current value with which the modular battery can be charged ("Charge current limit") and discharged ("Discharge current limit"), as well as the maximum regeneration current value with which the modular battery can be charged during operation under load ("Regeneration current limit"). The calculation of the charge, discharge and regeneration currents of the entire battery is performed based on the number of battery modules operating for charge or discharge and the maximum charge and discharge current values transmitted by them – total current takes equal to minimum current limit among the modules times the number of modules. Also there is an ability to regulate the total curent such way that each module current does not exceed its current limit. 310 + 311 +* "Charge current limit" and "Regeneration current limit" are calculated only if there is "Charge request"; 312 +* "Discharge current limit" is calculated only if there is "Discharge request". 313 + 256 256 The charge/discharge contactor control is configured in the “Control → Charge/Discharge” section: 257 257 258 -[[image:17 34089702994-738.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="92" width="600"]]316 +[[image:1744735816351-271.png||data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="249" width="600"]] 259 259 260 260 In this section: 261 261 262 -* Enable – a flag to enable the charge/discharge controller. 320 +* Enable – a flag to enable battery charge/discharge controller; 321 +* Mode: 322 +** Dependent - Charge/Discharge contactor depends on Charge and Discharge algorithms and their signals; 323 +** Independent - Charge/Discharge contactor is based on its own controller. 324 +* Algorithm: 325 +** Always on – discharging is always allowed; 326 +** Balanced – discharging is allowed provided that all battery modules are balanced; 327 +** Partially balanced – discharging is allowed for most balanced battery modules; 328 +* Minimum number of modules allowed to join – a minimum number of battery modules that can be connected in parallel; 329 +* Allowable battery current to rejoin modules – a battery current at which joining of battery modules is permitted, A; 330 +* Allowable voltage difference to rejoin modules – a difference between the voltage of the disconnected module and the battery voltage at which its joining is permitted, V; 331 +* Checking voltages time – a time of checking voltages of battery modules before starting joining modules, millisecond; 332 +* Module balancing time – a time of balancing battery modules after joining modules and before closing main charging/discharging contactor, millisecond; 333 +* Interrupt balancing when modules are joined – a flag to break balancing time after all modules are joined; 334 +* Control the precharging contactor – a flag to control the main precharging contactor; 335 +* Canceling discharging time – a delay before opening the main discharging contactor, millisecond; 336 +* Disconnect modules that are not ready to charge – a flag for disconnecting modules that have the “Ready to charge” signal cleared; 337 +* Disconnect modules that are not ready to discharge – a flag for disconnecting modules that have the “Ready to discharge” signal cleared; 338 +* Join modules on the “Charge request” signal – a flag to enable automatic modules joining if “Charge request” signal appears; 339 +* Join modules on the “Discharge request” signal – a flag to enable automatic modules joining if “Discharge request” signal appears; 340 +* Regulator: Keep battery module currents below limits – a flag to enable regulation of module currents to be below module current limit; 341 +* Regulator: Gain – a gain of current regulator; 342 +* Maximum CONTINUOUS charge current limit – a maximum allowed continuous charging current of all the battery, A; 343 +* Maximum charge current limit – a maximum allowed charging current of all the battery, A; 344 +* Maximum CONTINUOUS discharge current limit – a maximum allowed continuous discharging current of all the battery, A; 345 +* Maximum discharge current limit – a maximum allowed discharging current of all the battery, A; 346 +* Errors 1 (2) to disconnect all battery modules – errors that cause all battery modules to be disconnected from the common bus; 347 +* Errors 1 (2) to open the charging/discharging contactor – errors that cause the main charging/discharging contactor "Discharging" to open, 348 +* Switch of the charging/discharging contactor on errors without a delay – a flag that allows the main charging/discharging contactor to be opened without delay if errors are detected. 263 263 264 264 === Module balancing === 265 265 ... ... @@ -278,6 +278,7 @@ 278 278 * Balance on charging – a flag to enable module balancing when the battery is charging; 279 279 * Delta voltage – a voltage difference at which the most charged modules are switched off (those modules whose voltage exceeds the minimum voltage among the modules by the “Delta voltage” value are switched off), V; 280 280 * Delta current – a current difference at which the most charged modules are switched off (those modules are switched off, the charge current of which is less than the maximum charge current among the modules by the “Delta current” value), A; 367 +* Detection time – a time for module to be estimated as unbalanced, millisecond; 281 281 * Waiting time – a time the battery modules are in the disconnected state (after this time, the modules previously disconnected during the balancing process are reconnected to the common bus), second; 282 282 * Balance on discharging – a flag to enable module balancing when the battery is discharging (if flag is enabled operation logic and settings are equal to balancing on charging); 283 283 * Required discharging current – a value of the discharge current at which the device switches off the most discharged battery modules, A.
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