Wiki source code of 3.3 Control

Version 6.2 by Admin on 2024/12/24 15:42

version	line-number	content
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	2	= Settings =
1.3	3
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	5	== Control ==
3.1	6
	7	=== Common settings ===
	8
1.3	9	To change the common BMS settings, select the "Control → Common settings" section:
	10
6.2	11	[[image:1735054851946-552.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="105" width="800"]]
1.3	12
	13	In this section:
	14
	15	* Cell capacity – nominal capacity of cells, Ah;
	16	* Cell resistance – nominal (maximum) internal resistance of the cells, Ohm;
	17	* Relax time (after charging) – a relaxation time after charging, second;
	18	* Relax time (atfer discharging) – a relaxation time after discharging, second;
6.2	19	* Reset parameters – a command to reset cells state of charge, capacity, and resistance;
	20	* Method of calculating the battery voltage:
	21	** Summa
1.3	22
	23	The values “Capacity”, “Resistance”, “Cycles” are used to calculate the SOC of cells and the battery.
	24
	25	The values of “Relax time” are used to determine the state of the battery. If the battery is in a state of relaxation, the system recalculates the voltage on the cells to the state of charge of the battery.
	26
	27	The “Reset parameters” will reset:
	28
	29	* state of charge (new cell SOC values will be calculated based on cell voltage and “Uocv (open-circuit voltage) table”: in the “Control → SOC estimation” section);
	30	* cell resistance to “Cell resistance” value;
	31	* battery capacity to “Cell capacity” value.
	32
	33	The “Reset parameters” command is used for starting-up and adjustment of the battery.
	34
3.1	35	=== SOC estimation ===
1.3	36
	37	The BMS Main 3 device calculates the state of charge of the battery (SOC) using two algorithms:
	38
	39	* by open circuit voltage;
	40	* by voltage and current.
	41
	42	It is recommended to use the algorithm of calculation of SOC by voltage and current.
	43
	44	To change the estimation algorithm for calculating the battery SOC, select the "Control → SOC estimation → Algorithm" section:
	45
2.1	46	[[image:1733322611549-423.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="148" width="800"]]
1.3	47
	48	The following estimation algorithms supported:
	49
	50	* Voltage – by open circuit voltage;
	51	* Current and voltage (simplified) – recommended for LFP cells;
	52	* Current and voltage (enhanced) – recommended for NMC cells.
	53
	54	The “Voltage” SOC calculation algorithm calculates cells SOC based on the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t °C).
	55
	56	The “Current and voltage (simplified)” SOC calculation algorithm works as follows:
	57
	58	* if I = 0, the battery is in the state of relaxation and the cell voltage Uocv is outside the [U,,ocv[point 1],,; U,,ocv[point 2],,], the SOC calculation is based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t °C);
	59	* in any other cases, the SOC value is proportional to the charge (coulomb) passed through the battery (current time integral).
	60
	61	The “Current and voltage (enhanced)” SOC calculation algorithm differs from the simplified algorithm by online correction of the effective capacity. When using this algorithm, it is necessary to fine tune the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t °C).
	62
	63	To change the algorithm for calculating the Final SOC, select the "Control → SOC estimation → Final SOC" section:
	64
2.1	65	[[image:1733322611551-852.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="148" width="800"]]
1.3	66
	67	The following calculation methods are supported (“Final SOC”):
	68
	69	* Minimal SOC – the battery SOC is assumed to be the minimum SOC among the cells;
	70	* Average SOC – the battery SOC is taken equal to the arithmetic average of the cell SOC;
	71	* Min-Max SOC – the battery SOC is taken based on the minimum and maximum SOC of the cells (recommended method).
	72
	73	Other parameters:
	74
	75	* Scale the final SOC – a flag to scale the battery SOC by the following values;
	76	* SOC corresponding to 0% – the battery SOC that sets to be 0%;
	77	* SOC corresponding to 100% – the battery SOC that sets to be 100%.
	78	* Uocv (open-circuit voltage) table – the dependence of the cell open circuit voltage Uocv on SOC and the cell temperature (selected for specific batteries);
	79	* Linear zone - linear zone of the Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t°C) dependency, inside which the cell voltage changes insignificantly:
	80	** Linear zone: point 1 – starting point of the Uocv linear zone;
	81	** Linear zone: point 2 – ending point of the Uocv linear zone;
	82	* Coulomb counting correction (temperature) – the dependence of battery capacity on temperature;
	83	* Coulomb counting correction (cycles) – the dependence of battery capacity on the number of charge-discharge cycles.
	84
3.1	85	=== SOC correction ===
1.3	86
5.1	87	The BMS Main 3 device can recalculate the battery SOC after long-term storage or after long-term working in the case when the battery was not charged fully or discharged totally. Recalculation is done based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t) (see [[SOC estimation>>doc:\|\|anchor="HSOCestimation"]]).
1.3	88
	89	To configure parameters for periodically correcting the battery state of charge, select the "Control → SOC correction" section:
	90
2.1	91	[[image:1733322624656-766.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="121" width="800"]]
1.3	92
	93	In this section:
	94
	95	* Enable – a flag to enable the SOC correction;
	96	* Shutdown period – a time the battery is off, day. If the BMS detects on its startup that it was off during the “Shutdown period” time, the BMS recalculates the battery state of charge based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t);
	97	* Correction period – a period of correcting the battery SOC, day. If the BMS detects that the last correction was more than the “Correction period” ago, the BMS recalculates the battery state of charge based on the tabular dependency Uocv = Uocv (SOC, t) and tunes it gradually during the “SOC change time”.
	98	* SOC change time – a duration of the linear changing the battery SOC to the value calculated by the correction algorithm, minute;
	99	* Ignore the linear zone – a flag to ignore linear SOC zone while correction (recommended to be unset);
	100	* Last correction timestamp – time when last correction was made.
	101
3.1	102	=== Resistance estimation ===
1.3	103
	104	Calculation of the resistance of cells is carried out in two ways. The first method is used when the battery passes from a relaxation state to a charge or discharge state, wherein the cell resistance value
	105
	106	R = (U-U,,ocv,,) / I,,stable,,,
	107
	108	where U is the cell voltage measured in the charge or discharge state, V; U,,ocv,, is the cell voltage measured in the state of relaxation (before switching to the state of charge or discharge); I,,stable,, – stabilized current through the cell in the state of charge or discharge.
	109
	110	The second method is used for a stepwise change in the current through the cell, while the value of the cell resistance:
	111
	112	R = (U,,2,,-U,,1,,) / (I,,stable2,,-I,,stable1,,) provided that \| I,,stable2,,-I,,stable1,, \| > 0.2 × Q,,max,,
	113
	114	(Q,,max,, is the maximum cell capacity),
	115
	116	where U,,2,, is the voltage on the cell at the moment when the stabilized current I,,stable2,, is flowing through it; U,,1,, – the voltage on the cell at the moment when the stabilized current I,,stable1,, flowing through it.
	117
	118	The stabilized current I,,stable,, = I, if during the stabilization time the instantaneous current I is in the range from 0.95 × I to 1.05 × I.
	119
	120	To change parameters of the algorithm for calculating the cell resistance, select the "Control → Resistance estimation" section:
	121
2.1	122	[[image:1733322624659-473.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="108" width="800"]]
1.3	123
	124	In this section:
	125
	126	* Current stabilization time, millisecond;
	127	* Maximum calculation period – maximum time between resistance measurements. If more time has elapsed since the last determination of the stabilized current I,,stable,, than is determined in this field, the resistance calculation is not performed, second;
	128	* Maximum resistance factor – the coefficient of calculation of the maximum acceptable resistance of the cell;
	129	* Minimum SOC – minimum cell SOC value for resistance calculation;
	130	* Maximum SOC – maximum cell SOC value for resistance calculation.
	131
5.1	132	The calculated resistance is accepted by the system as valid (and therefore updated) if its value is in the range from Resistance/2 to “Maximum resistance factor” × Resistance, where "Resistance" is the nominal resistance of the cell (see [[Common settings>>doc:\|\|anchor="HCommonsettings"]]). If the calculated resistance value is greater than the value (Maximum resistance factor × Resistance), the updated resistance value will be equal to the value (Maximum resistance factor × Resistance).
1.3	133
3.1	134	=== Low SOC (signal) ===
1.3	135
	136	To change the parameters of the generation a signal about low battery level, select the "Control → Low SOC (signal)" section:
	137
2.1	138	[[image:1733322624660-513.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="116" width="800"]]
1.3	139
	140	In this section:
	141
	142	* Enable – a flag to enable signal generation;
	143	* Minimum SOC, %;
	144	* Tolerant SOC, %;
	145	* Delay before setting the signal, second;
	146	* Delay before clearing the signal, second;
	147	* Lock – lock the signal until the device is reset.
	148
	149	Signal generation conditions:
	150
	151	* the battery SOC is less than the “Minimum SOC” value during the “Delay before setting the signal” time.
	152
	153	Conditions for clearing the signal:
	154
	155	* the battery SOC is greater than the “Tolerant SOC” during the “Delay before clearing the signal” time.
	156
	157	The "Low SOC signal" is indicative and can be output to a discrete output or a power switch.
	158
3.1	159	=== High charging current (signal) ===
1.3	160
	161	To change the parameters of the generation high-current signal, select the "Control → High charging current (signal)" section:
	162
2.1	163	[[image:1733322624661-915.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="107" width="800"]]
1.3	164
	165	In this section:
	166
	167	* Enable – a flag to enable signal generation;
	168	* Maximum charging current, А;
	169	* Tolerant charging current, А;
	170	* Delay before setting the signal, second;
	171	* Delay before clearing the signal, second;
	172	* Lock – lock the signal until the device is reset.
	173
	174	Signal generation conditions:
	175
	176	* the measured current is greater than the “Maximum charging current” value during the “Delay before setting the signal” time.
	177
	178	Conditions for clearing the signal:
	179
	180	* the measured current is less than the “Tolerant charging current” value during the “Delay before clearing the signal” time.
	181
	182	The "High charging current" signal is indicative and can be output to a discrete output or a power switch.
	183
3.1	184	=== Charge map ===
1.3	185
	186	The BMS Main 3 device calculates the maximum allowable charge current values in respect to SOC, battery temperature, contactor temperature and cell voltage.
	187
	188	Calculated current values are sent to a charger or an intellectual load over the CAN bus. External devices based on received data provide correct battery operation.
	189
	190	To configure parameters for determining the charge current limit, select the "Control → Charge map" section:
	191
2.1	192	[[image:1733322637793-171.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="177" width="800"]]
1.3	193
	194	In this section:
	195
	196	* Enable – a flag to start calculation of the charge current limit;
	197	* Maximum charge current – a maximum allowable value of the charge current (under normal conditions), A;
	198	* Rate of change – a rate of change the current limit to a new value (0 is for immediate change), A/s;
	199	* Option 1: Limit charge current by the battery SOC and temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current Kcs depending on SOC and battery temperature;
	200	* Option 1: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and battery temperature;
	201	* Option 2: Limit charge current by the contactor temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current Kcc depending on contactor temperature;
	202	* Option 2: Contactor temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and contactor temperature;
	203	* Option 3: Limit charge current by the maximum cell voltage - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current Kcv depending on maximum cell voltage;
	204	* Option 3: Cell voltage x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on maximum cell voltage;
	205	* Option 4: Limit charge current by the cell temperature - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable charging current Kct depending on maximum cell temperature;
	206	* Option 4: Cell temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on maximum cell temperature.
	207
	208	Value of the charge current limit at given SOC, temperature, contactors temperature, maximum cell voltage and maximum cell temperature is calculated as follows:
	209
	210	Charging current limit = Maximum charging current × Kcs × Kcc × Kcv × Kct
	211
3.1	212	=== Discharge map ===
1.3	213
	214	The BMS Main 3 device calculates the maximum allowable discharge current values in respect to SOC, battery temperature, contactor temperature and cell voltage.
	215
	216	Calculated current values are sent to a charger or an intellectual load over the CAN bus.
	217
	218	To configure parameters for determining the discharge current limit, select the "Control → Discharge map" section:
	219
2.1	220	[[image:1733322637795-310.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="178" width="800"]]
1.3	221
	222	In this section:
	223
	224	* Enable – a flag to start calculation of the discharge current limit;
	225	* Maximum discharge current – a maximum allowable value of the discharge current (under normal conditions), A;
	226	* Rate of change – a rate of change the current limit to a new value (0 is for immediate change), A/s;
	227	* Option 1: Limit discharging current by the battery SOC and temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current Kds depending on SOC and temperature;
	228	* Option 1: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and battery temperature;
	229	* Option 2: Limit discharge current by the contactor temperature – a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current Kdc depending on contactor temperature;
	230	* Option 2: Contactor temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on SOC and contactor temperature;
	231	* Option 3: Limit discharge current by the cell voltage - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current Kdv depending on minimum cell voltage;
	232	* Option 3: Cell voltage x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on minimum cell voltage;
	233	* Option 4: Limit discharge current by the cell temperature - a flag to enable correction of maximum allowable discharging current Kdt depending on maximum cell temperature;
	234	* Option 4: Cell voltage x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor on minimum cell temperature.
	235
	236	Value of the discharge current limit at given SOC, temperature, contactors temperature, minimum cell voltage and maximum cell temperature is calculated as follows:
	237
	238	Discharging current limit = Maximum discharging current × Kds × Kdc × Kdv × Kdt
	239
3.1	240	=== Charge map (PEAK & CONTINUOUS) ===
1.3	241
	242	The BMS Main 3 has an alternative algorithm for the maximum allowed charging current based on peak and continuous battery operating modes.
	243
	244	To configure parameters for determining the charge current limit, select the "Control → Charge map (PEAK & CONTINUOUS)" section:
	245
2.1	246	[[image:1733322637796-187.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="145" width="800"]]
1.3	247
	248	In this section:
	249
	250	* Enable – a flag to start calculation of the charge current limit;
	251	* Maximum PEAK charge current – a maximum peak charge current (under normal conditions), A;
	252	* Maximum CONTINUOUS charge current – a maximum continuous charge current (under normal conditions), A;
	253	* PEAK: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor for peak current K,,cp,, on SOC and battery temperature;
	254	* CONTINUOUS: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor for continuous current K,,cc,, on SOC and battery temperature;
	255	* PEAK time – a time for peak current to be allowed, s;
	256	* Sliding time – a time of linear change of the maximum charging current from peak to continuous and from continuous to peak value, ms;
	257	* Waiting time – a time for peak current to be prohibited, s.
	258
	259	The maximum charging current value equals to the peak or continuous current according to the following diagram:
	260
2.1	261	[[image:1733322717451-608.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center"]]
1.3	262
	263	I,,peak,, = Maximum PEAK charge current × K,,cp,,
	264
	265	I,,continuous,, = Maximum CONTINUOUS charge current × K,,cc,,
	266
	267
3.1	268	=== Discharge map (PEAK & CONTINUOUS) ===
1.3	269
	270	The BMS Main 3 has an alternative algorithm for the maximum allowed discharging current based on peak and continuous battery operating modes.
	271
	272	To configure parameters for determining the discharge current limit, select the "Control → Discharge map (PEAK & CONTINUOUS)" section:
	273
2.1	274	[[image:1733322735595-661.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="145" width="800"]]
1.3	275
	276	In this section:
	277
	278	* Enable – a flag to start calculation of the discharge current limit;
	279	* Maximum PEAK discharge current – a maximum peak discharge current (under normal conditions), A;
	280	* Maximum CONTINUOUS discharge current – a maximum continuous discharge current (under normal conditions), A;
	281	* PEAK: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor for peak current K,,dp,, on SOC and battery temperature;
	282	* CONTINUOUS: SOC x Temperature x Factor – the dependence of the correction factor for continuous current K,,dc,, on SOC and battery temperature;
	283	* PEAK time – a time for peak current to be allowed, s;
	284	* Sliding time – a time of linear change of the maximum charging current from peak to continuous and from continuous to peak value, ms;
	285	* Waiting time – a time for peak current to be prohibited, s.
	286
	287	The maximum discharging current value equals to the peak or continuous current according to following diagram:
	288
2.1	289	[[image:1733322753429-968.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center"]]
1.3	290
	291	I,,peak,, = Maximum PEAK discharge current × K,,dp,,
	292
	293	I,,continuous,, = Maximum CONTINUOUS discharge current × K,,dc,,
	294
3.1	295	=== Charge ===
1.3	296
	297	There are two contactors that serve charging the battery: a charging contactor and an allow charging contactor. With the help of the allow charging contactor, the BMS commands the charger to start or stop charging.
	298
	299	The device supports three charge control algorithms:
	300
	301	* Always on – charging is always allowed;
	302	* On charger connected – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charger connected”;
	303	* On charge request – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charge request”.
	304
	305	If the "Always on" algorithm is selected, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor are always closed. If at least one of the errors appears:
	306
	307	* Overvoltage;
	308	* Overcurrent;
	309	* High temperature (CH);
	310	* Low temperature (CH);
	311	* HYG offline (optional);
	312	* Combilift offline (optional);
	313	* Spirit offline (optional);
	314	* Spirit charger error (optional);
	315	* Short circuit (optional);
	316	* High contactor temperature (optional);
	317	* CH contactor cycles error;
	318	* Precharge error (optional);
	319	* Critical error
	320
	321	or one of the signals:
	322
	323	* Service reset
	324	* Power down request
	325	* Inhibit charging
	326
	327	both contactors are open (no current flows).
	328
	329	When the algorithm "On charger connected" is selected, the control is performed as follows:
	330
	331	* If there is a signal “Charger connected” and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor close;
	332	* If the signal “Charger connected” disappears, the allow charging contactor opens and after the delay time T,,off,, the charging contactor opens;
	333	* If in the process of charging the voltage on the cell exceeds the “Ready to charge” level, the allow charging contactor opens (while the charging contactor remains closed);
	334	* If errors in the list above occur the charging contactor and allow charging contactor open.
	335
	336	When the "On charge request" algorithm selected, the control is performed as follows:
	337
	338	* If there is a signal “Charge request” and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor close;
	339	* If the signal “Charge request” disappears, the allow charging contactor opens and after the delay time T,,off,, the charging contactor opens;
	340	* If in the process of charging the voltage on the cell exceeds the “Ready to charge” level, the allow charging contactor opens (while the charging contactor remains closed);
	341	* If errors in the list above occur the charging contactor and allow charging contactor open.
	342
	343	Note – When errors occur in the system, the charging contactor opens either immediately or with the delay T,,off,, (depends on the settings described below).
	344
	345	To change the parameters of the battery charge control algorithm, select the "Control → Charge" section:
	346
2.1	347	[[image:1733322798914-813.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="327" width="800"]]
1.3	348
	349	In this section:
	350
	351	* Enable – a flag to activate the charge control;
	352	* Algorithm:
	353	** Always on – charging is always allowed;
	354	** On charger connected – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charger connected”;
	355	** On charge request – charging is allowed when there is a signal “Charge request”;
	356	* Current corresponding to charging – a current level to generate the "Charging current present" signal, A;
	357	* Current corresponding to no charging – a current level to clear the "Charging current present" signal, A;
	358	* Delay before starting charging – a time delay T,,on,, before closing the charging contactor and the allow charging contactor, millisecond;
	359	* Delay before stopping charging – a time delay T,,off,, before opening the charging contactor, millisecond;
	360	* Use custom delays before stopping charging (on errors) – a flag to enable manual settings of time delays T,,off,, for specific errors;
	361	* Custom delay: <error> – specific error delay, millisecond;
	362	* Switch off the charging contactor on errors without delay – a flag to protectively open the charging contactor without a delay. In the opposite case, when an error is detected, the charging contactor opens always with the delay “Delay before stopping charging”;
	363	* Control the precharging contactor – a flag that allows control of the precharging contactor;
	364	* Voltage to clear the “Ready to charge” – a threshold voltage level on the cell, V; if the voltage of any cell is above this level, the “Ready to charge” (hence, the “Allow charging”) signal is cleared;
	365	* Voltage to reset the “Ready to charge” – a tolerant voltage level on the cell, V; if all cell voltages are below the tolerant level, the “Ready to charge” (hence, the “Allow charging”) signal is set;
	366	* Delay before recharging – a time after which the previously opened the allow charging contactor closes again, minute; to disable the operation by timeout set "Delay before recharging" to 0.
	367
	368	Note – The allow charging contactor closes under two independent conditions: 1) the voltage on the cells reaches the “Voltage to reset the “Ready to charge"” level and 2) the "Delay before recharging" time has passed since the opening of the allow charging contactor.
	369
3.1	370	=== Discharge ===
1.3	371
	372	The device controls the discharging contactor to connect battery to the load.
	373
	374	The device supports three algorithms to control battery discharging:
	375
	376	* Always on – load is always connected;
	377	* On charger disconnected – load is connected when there is no signal “Charger connected”;
	378	* On discharge request – load is connected when there is signal “Discharge request”.
	379
	380	When the algorithm "Always on" is selected, the discharging contactor is always closed. If at least one of the errors appears:
	381
	382	* Undervoltage;
	383	* Overvoltage (optional);
	384	* Overcurrent;
	385	* High temperature (DCH);
	386	* Low temperature (DCH) (optional);
	387	* HYG offline (optional);
	388	* Combilift offline (optional);
	389	* Spirit offline (optional);
	390	* Spirit charger error (optional);
	391	* Short circuit (optional);
	392	* High contactor temperature (optional);
	393	* Unallowable charging;
	394	* DCH contactor cycles error;
	395	* Precharge error (optional);
	396	* Critical error
	397
	398	or one of the signals:
	399
	400	* Service reset
	401	* Power down request
	402	* Inhibit discharging
	403
	404	the discharging contactor opens.
	405
	406	If the algorithm "On charger disconnected" is selected, the control is performed as follows:
	407
	408	* if there is no signal “Charger connected”, the charging contactor is open and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the discharging contactor closes;
	409	* If the signal “Charger connected” appears or errors occur (see the list above), then after the delay time T,,off,, the discharging contactor opens.
	410
	411	When the "On discharge request" algorithm selected, the control is performed as follows:
	412
	413	* if there is signal “Discharge request”, the charging contactor is open and there are no errors (see the list above), then through the delay time T,,on,, the discharging contactor closes;
	414	* If the signal “Discharge request” disappears or errors occur (see the list above), then after the delay time T,,off,, the discharging contactor opens.
	415
	416	Note – In case of errors in the system operation, the opening of the discharging contactor is performed either immediately or with a delay T,,off,, (depends on the settings described below).
	417
	418	The device supports controlling the precharging contactor. The duration of switching on the precharging contactor before closing the discharging (load) contactor is adjusted.
	419
	420	To change the parameters of the battery discharge control algorithm, select the "Control → Discharge" section:
	421
2.1	422	[[image:1733323750262-841.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="360" width="800"]]
1.3	423
	424	In this section:
	425
	426	* Enable – a flag to activate the discharge control;
	427	* Algorithm:
	428	** Always on – load is always connected;
	429	** On charger disconnected – load is connected when there is no signal “Charger connected”;
	430	** On discharge request – load is connected when there is signal “Discharge request”;
	431	* Current corresponding to discharging – a current level to generate the "Discharging current present" signal, А;
	432	* Current indicating no discharging – a current level to clear the "Discharging current present" signal, А;
	433	* Delay before starting discharging – a time delay T,,on,, before closing the discharging contactor, millisecond;
	434	* Delay before stopping discharging – a time delay T,,off,, before opening the discharging contactor, millisecond;
	435	* Use custom delays before stopping discharging (on errors) – a flag to enable manual settings of time delays T,,off,, for specific errors;
	436	* Custom delay: <error> – specific error delay, millisecond;
	437	* Switch off the discharging contactor on errors without delay – a flag to protectively open the discharging contactor without a delay. In the opposite case, when an error is detected, the discharging contactor opens always with the delay “Delay before stopping discharging”.
	438	* Precharge time – a duration of closing the precharge contactor before closing the discharging contactor, millisecond;
	439	* Check voltages before and after contactors to finish precharging – a flag to check the voltages before and after contactors to ensure that precharge process has finished and it is allowed to close the discharging contactor;
	440	* Minimum voltage difference to finish precharging – minimal voltage difference before and after contactors at which precharge process is meant to be finished, V;
	441	* Voltage to clear the “Ready to discharge” – a threshold voltage level on the cell, V; if the voltage of any cell is below this level, the “Ready to discharge” signal is cleared;
	442	* Voltage to reset the “Ready to discharge” – a tolerant voltage level on the cell, V; if all cells voltages are above the tolerant level, the “Ready to discharge” signal is set;
	443
3.1	444	=== Charge/Discharge ===
1.3	445
	446	The BMS Main 3 device can control the charging/discharging contactor, which combines algorithms of charging and discharging contactor. It behaves as a charging contactor when “Charge request” or “Charger connected” is set, otherwise – as a discharging contactor.
	447
	448	The charging/discharging contactor control is configured in the “Control – Charge/Discharge” section:
	449
2.1	450	[[image:1733322827919-875.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="85" width="800"]]
1.3	451
	452	In this section:
	453
	454	* Enable – a flag to enable the charge/discharge controller.
	455
3.1	456	=== Discharge (AUX) ===
1.3	457
	458	The BMS Main 3 device can control the power supply of external equipment using the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor. An example of external equipment can be an inverter that converts DC to AC to power a service laptop and other devices.
	459
	460	The power supply circuit of the external equipment using the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor is independent of the battery load circuit. The closing and opening of the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor is performed according to its program.
	461
	462	If the power supply function of the external equipment is enabled, the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor closes. The opening of this contactor occurs on three independent conditions:
	463
	464	* the battery has low SOC;
	465	* the battery voltage is out of range;
	466	* the battery system errors are detected.
	467
	468	To change the parameters of the powering of external equipment, select the "Control → Discharge (AUX)" section:
	469
2.1	470	[[image:1733322827920-878.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="130" width="800"]]
1.3	471
	472	In this section:
	473
	474	* Enable – a flag to activate the auxiliary discharge control;
	475	* Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor if the SOC is too low;
	476	* Minimum SOC – a minimum SOC value, when reached, the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor opens, %;
	477	* Tolerant SOC – a permissive SOC value, upon reaching which the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor re-closes, %;
	478	* Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor if the battery voltage is out of the range;
	479	* Minimum voltage – minimum battery voltage, V;
	480	* Maximum voltage – maximum battery voltage, V;
	481	* Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor on errors – the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor opens if the following errors occur: Undervoltage, Overcurrent, High temperature (DCH), Short circuit, Critical error.
	482
3.1	483	=== Main contactor ===
1.4	484
	485	The BMS Main 3 device controls the main contactor. The main contactor is usually placed in the common (minus) battery line for opening the charge and discharge circuits in case of sealing of the charging or discharging contactors.
	486
	487	The Main contactor algorithm supports the following modes:
	488
	489	* Always on;
	490	* Automatic;
	491	* On demand.
	492
	493	In “Always on” mode main contactor closes if all the following is true:
	494
	495	* Charging contactor is open;
	496	* Discharging contactor is open;
	497	* There are no errors from the list below:
	498	** Overcurrent;
	499	** Undervoltage;
	500	** Overvoltage;
	501	** High temperature (CH);
	502	** High temperature (DCH);
	503	** Unallowable charging;
	504	** Critical error.
	505
	506	In “Always on” mode main contactor opens if all the following is true:
	507
	508	* Charging contactor is open;
	509	* Discharging contactor is open;
	510	* There is an error from the list below:
	511	** Overcurrent;
	512	** Undervoltage;
	513	** Overvoltage;
	514	** High temperature (CH);
	515	** High temperature (DCH);
	516	** Unallowable charging;
	517	** Critical error.
	518
	519	In “Automatic” mode, the main contactor closes by internal charging and discharging algorithms at the same time with Precharging, Charging and Discharging contactors.
	520
	521	In “On demand” mode, the main contactor closes by external the “Close Main contactor” request.
	522
	523	To change the parameters of the main contactor, select the "Control → Main contactor" section:
	524
2.1	525	[[image:1733322872744-536.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="105" width="800"]]
1.4	526
	527	In this section:
	528
	529	* Enable – a flag to enable the main contactor control;
	530	* Algorithm – main contactor control algorithm:
	531	** Always on – contactor is always closed;
	532	** Automatic – contactor closes by internal charge and discharge algorithms;
	533	** On demand – contactor is closed by an external request;
	534	* Time to keep the contactor closed before closing the others – a time for other contactors to be open after the main contactor is closed;
	535	* Delay before opening the contactor – a time which is used to detect conditions for opening the contactor, s;
	536	* Keep the contactor open until the device is restarted – a flag for keeping the main contactor open until the system is reset.
	537
3.1	538	=== Cell balancing ===
1.4	539
	540	Balancing makes the voltage of all cells equal to the minimum cell voltage.
	541
	542	The following balancing rules are supported:
	543
	544	* when the battery is charging (current I > 0) and time after until the battery is relaxed;
	545	* when the battery is charging (current I > 0) or when the battery is in a state of relaxation;
	546	* always (regardless of battery state).
	547
	548	A balancing resistor is connected to the cell if the following conditions are simultaneously met:
	549
	550	* the voltage on the cell is higher than the balancing start voltage;
	551	* the difference between the voltage on the cell and the minimum voltage among the battery cells is greater than the balancing start threshold.
	552
	553	A balancing resistor is disconnected from the cell if any of the following conditions are met:
	554
	555	* the voltage on the cell is less than the balancing start voltage;
	556	* the difference between the voltage on the cell and the minimum voltage among the battery cells is less than the balancing stop threshold.
	557
	558	If the “High logic temperature” occurs, then the balancing of the cells connected to the overheated BMS Logic device will not be performed.
	559
	560	The BMS Main 3 can enable the cell balancing by the external “Balancing request” signal. Balancing process will be started to cells which the voltage is higher than the balancing start voltage and the difference between the cell voltage and the minimum voltage among all the cells is greater than the balancing stop threshold.
	561
	562	To change the cell balancing parameters, select the "Control → Cell balancing" section:
	563
2.1	564	[[image:1733322883460-118.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="114" width="800"]]
1.4	565
	566	In this section:
	567
	568	* Enable – a flag to enable cell balancing;
	569	* Balancing rule:
	570	** Balance on charge – balancing is performed while and after the charging (in the “Charge ON” and “Charge OFF” states);
	571	** Balance on charge or relaxed - balancing is performed while and after the charging and in the relaxed state (in “Charge ON”, “Charge OFF”, “Relaxed (after charging)” and “Relaxed (after discharging)” states);
	572	** Balance always – balancing is always performed regardless the battery state;
	573
5.3	574	[[image:1733322883462-975.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="74" width="600"]]
1.4	575
	576	* Minimum cell voltage to start balancing, V;
	577	* Voltage deviation to start balancing;
	578	* Voltage deviation to stop balancing;
	579	* Command to discharge all cells – a flag to force the balancing of all cells.
	580
3.1	581	=== Series balancing ===
1.4	582
	583	The BMS Main 3 device supports work with two independent (galvanically unrelated) cell series. To monitor the status of two series, two current sensors are used. A series of cells must be equivalent: they must have the same number of cells and the same capacity.
	584
	585	Since the series of cells can operate at different loads, they must be balanced. For this, the BMS Main 3 provides two signals to power switches: “Balancing series 1” and “Balancing series 2”, as well as a combined algorithm that considers both the voltage of each series and the charge that these series gave load. The “Balancing series 1” and “Balancing series 2” signals are used to connect high-power balancing resistors in parallel with cell series 1 and 2.
	586
	587	When charging the battery, balancing is performed based on the voltage of the series. A balancing resistor is connected to the cell series if:
	588
	589	* the series voltage is higher than the start balancing voltage;
	590	* the difference between the voltage of a series of cells and the minimum voltage among the battery series is greater than the balancing threshold.
	591
	592	When the battery is discharging (work on load), balancing is turned on if one of the series gives the load a charge (Ah), which is more by the amount Qthr of the charge given off by another series.
	593
	594	To change the series balancing parameters, select the "Control → Series balancing" section:
	595
2.1	596	[[image:1733322892811-410.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="126" width="800"]]
1.4	597
	598	In this section:
	599
	600	* Enable – a flag to enable series balancing;
	601	* Number of Logics in a series;
	602	* Minimum series voltage to start balancing, V;
	603	* Balancing threshold, V;
	604	* Coulomb threshold – the difference of the charges Qthr, given by a series of cells, above which balancing to be started, Ah;
	605	* Period – a period to reset of charge counters for each series (to avoid accumulation of error), second;
2.1	606	* Do not sum series voltages – a flag to disable the summing of series voltages.3
1.4	607
3.1	608	=== Power down ===
1.4	609
	610	The BMS Main 3 device can shut down itself if the battery voltage is low or the battery is idle for a long time.
	611
	612	Shutting down the battery system is performed according to the following conditions:
	613
	614	* the battery voltage is below the minimum level;
	615	* the “Charger connected” signal is cleared for 60 seconds.
	616
	617	The BMS Main 3 device also shuts down the battery if it stays in the “Charging OFF”, “Discharging OFF”, “Relaxed (after charging)” or “Relaxed (after discharging)” for the configured time.
	618
	619	To change the parameters of the power down control, select the "Control → Power down" section:
	620
2.1	621	[[image:1733322892813-562.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="103" width="800"]]
1.4	622
	623	In this section:
	624
	625	* Minimum voltage to power down – a minimum voltage level of the battery below which the BMS commands to shut down the battery, V;
	626	* Idle time to power down – a time of battery inactivity after which the battery is shut down, minute;
	627	* Wait the "Power up/down request" is cleared (on startup) – a flag to enable delay for clearing the “Power up/down request” signal while starting the BMS.
	628	* Power down if KEYRUN and CHARGE_ON are cleared – a flag to power down the device if KEYRUN and CHARGE_ON signals are cleared;
	629	* Delay before setting the internal power down signal – a delay before turning off the device power when removing KEYRUN and CHARGE_ON or receiving the “Power down request” command, ms.
	630
3.1	631	=== Heater ===
1.4	632
	633	To change the parameters of the heater control algorithm, select the "Control → Heater" section:
	634
2.1	635	[[image:1733322901923-144.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="108" width="800"]]
1.4	636
	637	In this section:
	638
	639	* Enable – a flag to enable the heater control;
	640	* Minimum cell temperature, °C;
	641	* Tolerant cell temperature, °C;
	642	* Delay before starting the heater, millisecond;
	643	* Delay before stopping the heater, millisecond;
	644	* Switch off the heater on errors (Undervoltage, Overcurrent, High temperature, Short circuit or Critical error).
	645
	646	As a result of operating the heating algorithm, the “Heater” signal is generated.
	647
	648	Conditions for signal generation:
	649
	650	* the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell temperature” value during the “Delay before starting the heater” time.
	651
	652	Conditions for clearing the signal:
	653
	654	* the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell temperature” value during the “Delay before stopping the heater” time.
	655
	656	If there is the "Heater" signal, the heater contactor closes and/or a signal is output to the corresponding digital output.
	657
3.1	658	=== Cooler ===
1.4	659
	660	To change the parameters of the cooler control algorithm, select the "Control → Cooler" section:
	661
2.1	662	[[image:1733322901924-962.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="107" width="800"]]
1.4	663
	664	In this section:
	665
	666	* Enable – a flag to enable the cooler control;
	667	* Maximum cell temperature, °C;
	668	* Tolerant cell temperature, °C;
	669	* Delay before starting the cooler, millisecond;
	670	* Delay before stopping the cooler, millisecond;
	671	* Switch off the cooler contactor on errors (Undervoltage, Overcurrent, Low temperature, Short circuit or Critical error).
	672
	673	As a result of operating the cooling algorithm, the "Cooler" signal is generated.
	674
	675	Conditions for signal generation:
	676
	677	* the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell temperature” value during the “Delay before starting the cooler” time.
	678
	679	Conditions for clearing the signal:
	680
	681	* the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell temperature” value during the “Delay before stopping the cooler” time.
	682
	683	If there is the "Cooler" signal, the cooler contactor closes and/or a signal is output to the corresponding digital output.
	684
3.1	685	=== High voltage ===
1.4	686
	687	The BMS Main 3 device has an ability to measure high voltages before and after contactors.
	688
	689	To change the parameters of high voltage fault, select the "Control → High voltage" section:
	690
3.1	691	[[image:1733322914683-203.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="87" width="800"]]
1.4	692
	693	In this section:
	694
	695	* Enable – a flag to enable High voltage control;
	696	* Delay before clearing the High voltage fault, second;
	697	* Lock the High voltage fault.
	698
	699	The BMS Main 3 implements a self-diagnostics of high-voltage measurement lines. If measurement line breaks or high-voltage polarity is wrong, “High voltage fault” is generated.
	700
	701	If there is the “High voltage fault”, the “Critical error” is generated and all contactors open.
	702
3.1	703	=== Cell analysis ===
1.4	704
	705	The battery discharge characteristic – the dependence Uocv = Uocv(DOD) – is used to determine the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t°C), which is necessary for calculating the battery charge level.
	706
	707	The BMS Main 3 device can automatically determine the battery discharge characteristic.
	708
	709	Before starting the process of determining the discharge characteristic, it is necessary to prepare a BMS:
	710
	711	1. Charge the battery.
	712	1. Connect a resistive load to the discharging contactor, which will provide a discharge current of 0.5C (where C is the cell capacitance).
	713
	714	To configure parameters for determining the discharge characteristic of the battery, select the "Control → Cell analysis" section:
	715
3.1	716	[[image:1733322914685-558.png\|\|data-xwiki-image-style-alignment="center" data-xwiki-image-style-border="true" height="107" width="800"]]
1.4	717
	718	In this section:
	719
	720	* Enable – a flag to enable cell analysis;
	721	* Discharge step, Ah;
	722	* Delta voltage – a maximum allowable voltage drop for the cell, V;
	723	* Logic index, Cell index – a position of the analyzed cell;
	724	* Analyse the most discharged cell – a flag to analyse of the least charged cell (in this case, the values “Logic index” and “Cell index” are ignored).
	725
	726	Discharge step should be set equal to
	727
	728	Discharge step= С/21,
	729
	730	where C is the cell capacity.
	731
	732	The discharge characteristic will be constructed for the given cell (its position is determined by the fields “Logic index” and “Cell index”).
	733
	734	The algorithm for determining the discharge characteristic of the battery will be started if the “Enable” flag is set. From this moment, the control of the discharge contactor is performed by this algorithm.
	735
	736	Algorithm steps:
	737
	738	1. DOD = 0.
	739	1. Opening the discharging contactor.
	740	1. Waiting for the relaxation of the battery.
	741	1. Measuring Uocv = U.
	742	1. Saving the point of the discharge characteristic (Q, U,,OCV,,).
	743	1. Closing of the discharging contactor. DOD,,1,, = DOD + Discharge step, U,,1,, = U
	744	1. If DOD = DOD,,1,, or U < (U,,1,, – Delta voltage), then go to step 2.
	745	1. If the "Undervoltage" error is detected, then the end of the algorithm.
	746
	747	During the operation of the algorithm, a file with the name "CELLANALYSIS.TXT" in the CSV format will be created on the SD card.
	748
	749	File structure:
	750
	751	\|Time\|DOD\|Logic\|Cell\|OCV\|Resistance
	752	\|10.11.2017 12:28:34\|0.0\|1\|1\|4.180\|0.080000
	753	\|...\|...\| \|…\|...\|...
	754
	755	Parameter names:
	756
	757	* Time – date and time;
	758	* DOD – depth of discharge, Ah;
	759	* Logic - position of the Logic device to which the analyzed cell is connected;
	760	* Cell – position of the analyzed cell for which OCV and Resistance values are provided;
	761	* OCV – cell voltage Uocv, V;
	762	* Resistance – cell resistance, Ohm.

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