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Changes for page 3.3 Control

Last modified by Admin on 2025/04/09 12:14
From version 1.3
edited by Admin
on 2024/12/04 14:34
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 1.4
edited by Admin
on 2024/12/04 14:35
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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... ... @@ -513,4 +513,304 @@
513 513  * Maximum voltage – maximum battery voltage, V;
514 514  * Switch off the discharging (AUX) contactor on errors – the auxiliary (AUX) discharging contactor opens if the following errors occur: Undervoltage, Overcurrent, High temperature (DCH), Short circuit, Critical error.
515 515  
516 -
516 +1.
517 +11.
518 +111. Main contactor
519 +
520 +The BMS Main 3 device controls the main contactor. The main contactor is usually placed in the common (minus) battery line for opening the charge and discharge circuits in case of sealing of the charging or discharging contactors.
521 +
522 +The Main contactor algorithm supports the following modes:
523 +
524 +* Always on;
525 +* Automatic;
526 +* On demand.
527 +
528 +In “Always on” mode main contactor closes if all the following is true:
529 +
530 +* Charging contactor is open;
531 +* Discharging contactor is open;
532 +* There are no errors from the list below:
533 +** Overcurrent;
534 +** Undervoltage;
535 +** Overvoltage;
536 +** High temperature (CH);
537 +** High temperature (DCH);
538 +** Unallowable charging;
539 +** Critical error.
540 +
541 +In “Always on” mode main contactor opens if all the following is true:
542 +
543 +* Charging contactor is open;
544 +* Discharging contactor is open;
545 +* There is an error from the list below:
546 +** Overcurrent;
547 +** Undervoltage;
548 +** Overvoltage;
549 +** High temperature (CH);
550 +** High temperature (DCH);
551 +** Unallowable charging;
552 +** Critical error.
553 +
554 +In “Automatic” mode, the main contactor closes by internal charging and discharging algorithms at the same time with Precharging, Charging and Discharging contactors.
555 +
556 +In “On demand” mode, the main contactor closes by external the “Close Main contactor” request.
557 +
558 +To change the parameters of the main contactor, select the "Control → Main contactor" section:
559 +
560 +[[image:1733322872744-536.png]]
561 +
562 +In this section:
563 +
564 +* Enable – a flag to enable the main contactor control;
565 +* Algorithm – main contactor control algorithm:
566 +** Always on – contactor is always closed;
567 +** Automatic – contactor closes by internal charge and discharge algorithms;
568 +** On demand – contactor is closed by an external request;
569 +* Time to keep the contactor closed before closing the others – a time for other contactors to be open after the main contactor is closed;
570 +* Delay before opening the contactor – a time which is used to detect conditions for opening the contactor, s;
571 +* Keep the contactor open until the device is restarted – a flag for keeping the main contactor open until the system is reset.
572 +
573 +1.
574 +11.
575 +111. Cell balancing
576 +
577 +Balancing makes the voltage of all cells equal to the minimum cell voltage.
578 +
579 +The following balancing rules are supported:
580 +
581 +* when the battery is charging (current I > 0) and time after until the battery is relaxed;
582 +* when the battery is charging (current I > 0) or when the battery is in a state of relaxation;
583 +* always (regardless of battery state).
584 +
585 +A balancing resistor is connected to the cell if the following conditions are simultaneously met:
586 +
587 +* the voltage on the cell is higher than the balancing start voltage;
588 +* the difference between the voltage on the cell and the minimum voltage among the battery cells is greater than the balancing start threshold.
589 +
590 +A balancing resistor is disconnected from the cell if any of the following conditions are met:
591 +
592 +* the voltage on the cell is less than the balancing start voltage;
593 +* the difference between the voltage on the cell and the minimum voltage among the battery cells is less than the balancing stop threshold.
594 +
595 +If the “High logic temperature” occurs, then the balancing of the cells connected to the overheated BMS Logic device will not be performed.
596 +
597 +The BMS Main 3 can enable the cell balancing by the external “Balancing request” signal. Balancing process will be started to cells which the voltage is higher than the balancing start voltage and the difference between the cell voltage and the minimum voltage among all the cells is greater than the balancing stop threshold.
598 +
599 +To change the cell balancing parameters, select the "Control → Cell balancing" section:
600 +
601 +[[image:1733322883460-118.png]]
602 +
603 +In this section:
604 +
605 +* Enable – a flag to enable cell balancing;
606 +* Balancing rule:
607 +** Balance on charge – balancing is performed while and after the charging (in the “Charge ON” and “Charge OFF” states);
608 +** Balance on charge or relaxed - balancing is performed while and after the charging and in the relaxed state (in “Charge ON”, “Charge OFF”, “Relaxed (after charging)” and “Relaxed (after discharging)” states);
609 +** Balance always – balancing is always performed regardless the battery state;
610 +
611 +[[image:1733322883462-975.png]]
612 +
613 +* Minimum cell voltage to start balancing, V;
614 +* Voltage deviation to start balancing;
615 +* Voltage deviation to stop balancing;
616 +* Command to discharge all cells – a flag to force the balancing of all cells.
617 +
618 +
619 +1.
620 +11.
621 +111. Series balancing
622 +
623 +The BMS Main 3 device supports work with two independent (galvanically unrelated) cell series. To monitor the status of two series, two current sensors are used. A series of cells must be equivalent: they must have the same number of cells and the same capacity.
624 +
625 +Since the series of cells can operate at different loads, they must be balanced. For this, the BMS Main 3 provides two signals to power switches: “Balancing series 1” and “Balancing series 2”, as well as a combined algorithm that considers both the voltage of each series and the charge that these series gave load. The “Balancing series 1” and “Balancing series 2” signals are used to connect high-power balancing resistors in parallel with cell series 1 and 2.
626 +
627 +When charging the battery, balancing is performed based on the voltage of the series. A balancing resistor is connected to the cell series if:
628 +
629 +* the series voltage is higher than the start balancing voltage;
630 +* the difference between the voltage of a series of cells and the minimum voltage among the battery series is greater than the balancing threshold.
631 +
632 +When the battery is discharging (work on load), balancing is turned on if one of the series gives the load a charge (Ah), which is more by the amount Qthr of the charge given off by another series.
633 +
634 +To change the series balancing parameters, select the "Control → Series balancing" section:
635 +
636 +[[image:1733322892811-410.png]]
637 +
638 +In this section:
639 +
640 +* Enable – a flag to enable series balancing;
641 +* Number of Logics in a series;
642 +* Minimum series voltage to start balancing, V;
643 +* Balancing threshold, V;
644 +* Coulomb threshold – the difference of the charges Qthr, given by a series of cells, above which balancing to be started, Ah;
645 +* Period – a period to reset of charge counters for each series (to avoid accumulation of error), second;
646 +* Do not sum series voltages – a flag to disable the summing of series voltages.
647 +
648 +
649 +1.
650 +11.
651 +111. Power down
652 +
653 +The BMS Main 3 device can shut down itself if the battery voltage is low or the battery is idle for a long time.
654 +
655 +Shutting down the battery system is performed according to the following conditions:
656 +
657 +* the battery voltage is below the minimum level;
658 +* the “Charger connected” signal is cleared for 60 seconds.
659 +
660 +The BMS Main 3 device also shuts down the battery if it stays in the “Charging OFF”, “Discharging OFF”, “Relaxed (after charging)” or “Relaxed (after discharging)” for the configured time.
661 +
662 +To change the parameters of the power down control, select the "Control → Power down" section:
663 +
664 +[[image:1733322892813-562.png]]
665 +
666 +In this section:
667 +
668 +* Minimum voltage to power down – a minimum voltage level of the battery below which the BMS commands to shut down the battery, V;
669 +* Idle time to power down – a time of battery inactivity after which the battery is shut down, minute;
670 +* Wait the "Power up/down request" is cleared (on startup) – a flag to enable delay for clearing the “Power up/down request” signal while starting the BMS.
671 +* Power down if KEYRUN and CHARGE_ON are cleared – a flag to power down the device if KEYRUN and CHARGE_ON signals are cleared;
672 +* Delay before setting the internal power down signal – a delay before turning off the device power when removing KEYRUN and CHARGE_ON or receiving the “Power down request” command, ms.
673 +
674 +1.
675 +11.
676 +111. Heater
677 +
678 +To change the parameters of the heater control algorithm, select the "Control → Heater" section:
679 +
680 +[[image:1733322901923-144.png]]
681 +
682 +In this section:
683 +
684 +* Enable – a flag to enable the heater control;
685 +* Minimum cell temperature, °C;
686 +* Tolerant cell temperature, °C;
687 +* Delay before starting the heater, millisecond;
688 +* Delay before stopping the heater, millisecond;
689 +* Switch off the heater on errors (Undervoltage, Overcurrent, High temperature, Short circuit or Critical error).
690 +
691 +As a result of operating the heating algorithm, the “Heater” signal is generated.
692 +
693 +Conditions for signal generation:
694 +
695 +* the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Minimum cell temperature” value during the “Delay before starting the heater” time.
696 +
697 +Conditions for clearing the signal:
698 +
699 +* the minimum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Tolerant cell temperature” value during the “Delay before stopping the heater” time.
700 +
701 +If there is the "Heater" signal, the heater contactor closes and/or a signal is output to the corresponding digital output.
702 +
703 +
704 +1.
705 +11.
706 +111. Cooler
707 +
708 +To change the parameters of the cooler control algorithm, select the "Control → Cooler" section:
709 +
710 +[[image:1733322901924-962.png]]
711 +
712 +In this section:
713 +
714 +* Enable – a flag to enable the cooler control;
715 +* Maximum cell temperature, °C;
716 +* Tolerant cell temperature, °C;
717 +* Delay before starting the cooler, millisecond;
718 +* Delay before stopping the cooler, millisecond;
719 +* Switch off the cooler contactor on errors (Undervoltage, Overcurrent, Low temperature, Short circuit or Critical error).
720 +
721 +As a result of operating the cooling algorithm, the "Cooler" signal is generated.
722 +
723 +Conditions for signal generation:
724 +
725 +* the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is greater than the “Maximum cell temperature” value during the “Delay before starting the cooler” time.
726 +
727 +Conditions for clearing the signal:
728 +
729 +* the maximum temperature among all cells of the battery is less than the “Tolerant cell temperature” value during the “Delay before stopping the cooler” time.
730 +
731 +If there is the "Cooler" signal, the cooler contactor closes and/or a signal is output to the corresponding digital output.
732 +
733 +
734 +1.
735 +11.
736 +111. High voltage
737 +
738 +The BMS Main 3 device has an ability to measure high voltages before and after contactors.
739 +
740 +To change the parameters of high voltage fault, select the "Control → High voltage" section:
741 +
742 +[[image:1733322914683-203.png]]
743 +
744 +In this section:
745 +
746 +* Enable – a flag to enable High voltage control;
747 +* Delay before clearing the High voltage fault, second;
748 +* Lock the High voltage fault.
749 +
750 +The BMS Main 3 implements a self-diagnostics of high-voltage measurement lines. If measurement line breaks or high-voltage polarity is wrong, “High voltage fault” is generated.
751 +
752 +**If there is the “High voltage fault”, the “Critical error” is generated and all contactors open.**
753 +
754 +
755 +1.
756 +11.
757 +111. Cell analysis
758 +
759 +The battery discharge characteristic – the dependence Uocv = Uocv(DOD) – is used to determine the tabular dependence Uocv = Uocv(SOC, t°C), which is necessary for calculating the battery charge level.
760 +
761 +The BMS Main 3 device can automatically determine the battery discharge characteristic.
762 +
763 +Before starting the process of determining the discharge characteristic, it is necessary to prepare a BMS:
764 +
765 +1. Charge the battery.
766 +1. Connect a resistive load to the discharging contactor, which will provide a discharge current of 0.5C (where C is the cell capacitance).
767 +
768 +To configure parameters for determining the discharge characteristic of the battery, select the "Control → Cell analysis" section:
769 +
770 +[[image:1733322914685-558.png]]
771 +
772 +In this section:
773 +
774 +* Enable – a flag to enable cell analysis;
775 +* Discharge step, Ah;
776 +* Delta voltage – a maximum allowable voltage drop for the cell, V;
777 +* Logic index, Cell index – a position of the analyzed cell;
778 +* Analyse the most discharged cell – a flag to analyse of the least charged cell (in this case, the values “Logic index” and “Cell index” are ignored).
779 +
780 +Discharge step should be set equal to
781 +
782 +Discharge step= С/21,
783 +
784 +where C is the cell capacity.
785 +
786 +The discharge characteristic will be constructed for the given cell (its position is determined by the fields “Logic index” and “Cell index”).
787 +
788 +The algorithm for determining the discharge characteristic of the battery will be started if the “Enable” flag is set. From this moment, the control of the discharge contactor is performed by this algorithm.
789 +
790 +Algorithm steps:
791 +
792 +1. DOD = 0.
793 +1. Opening the discharging contactor.
794 +1. Waiting for the relaxation of the battery.
795 +1. Measuring Uocv = U.
796 +1. Saving the point of the discharge characteristic (Q, U,,OCV,,).
797 +1. Closing of the discharging contactor. DOD,,1,, = DOD + Discharge step, U,,1,, = U
798 +1. If DOD = DOD,,1,, or U < (U,,1,, – Delta voltage), then go to step 2.
799 +1. If the "Undervoltage" error is detected, then the end of the algorithm.
800 +
801 +During the operation of the algorithm, a file with the name "CELLANALYSIS.TXT" in the CSV format will be created on the SD card.
802 +
803 +File structure:
804 +
805 +|**Time**|**DOD**|**Logic**|**Cell**|**OCV**|**Resistance**
806 +|**10.11.2017 12:28:34**|0.0|1|1|4.180|0.080000
807 +|**...**|...| |…|...|...
808 +
809 +Parameter names:
810 +
811 +* Time – date and time;
812 +* DOD – depth of discharge, Ah;
813 +* Logic - position of the Logic device to which the analyzed cell is connected;
814 +* Cell – position of the analyzed cell for which OCV and Resistance values are provided;
815 +* OCV – cell voltage Uocv, V;
816 +* Resistance – cell resistance, Ohm.
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