Battery controllers: signals, states and errors

Version 26.42 by Admin on 2025/02/04 09:34

Signals, states and errors

Input signals

Below is the list of input signals that can be assigned to discrete inputs of the BMS controller.

Name	Description	Compability			BMS DIsplay		CANopen SDO	Modbus
Name	Description	Mini S / Mini	Main 2.1	Main 3	Short name	Abbreviation	CANopen SDO	Modbus
Balancing request	Request to balance the cells	Yes	Yes	Yes	Balancing req.	BR		0x20F4, bit 3. Off = 0, On = 1.
Battery cover	Signal from the battery cover	Yes	Yes	Yes	Battery cover	CVR		0x2000, bit 0. Off = 0, On = 1.
CH contactor feedback	Signal from the charging contactor feedback loop	Yes*	Yes	Yes	CH cont. feed.	CCF		0x2000, bit 5. Off = 0, On = 1.
CH/DCH contactor feedback	Signal from the charging/discharging contactor feedback loop	Yes*	Yes	Yes	C/D cont. feed.	CDF		0x2000, bit 12. Off = 0, On = 1.
Charge request	Request to close the charging contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Charge request	CRE		0x2000, bit 8. Off = 0, On = 1.
Charger connected	Signal indicating that the charger is connected	Yes	Yes	Yes	Charger connect.	CON		0x2000, bit 1. Off = 0, On = 1.
Circuit breaker status	Status of protective disconnector	Yes	Yes	Yes	Circuit breaker	CBS		0x20F4, bit 2. Off = 0, On = 1.
Close External 1	Request to set the External 1 signal	Yes	Yes	Yes	Close Ext.1	CE1		0x20F4, bit 5. Off = 0, On = 1.
Close Main contactor	Request to close the main contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Close Main cont.	CMC		0x20F4, bit 4. Off = 0, On = 1.
DCH contactor feedback	Signal from the discharging contactor feedback loop	Yes*	Yes	Yes	DCH cont. feed.	DCF		0x2000, bit 6. Off = 0, On = 1.
Discharge request	Request to close the discharging contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Discharge req.	DRE		0x2000, bit 10. Off = 0, On = 1.
Fuse 1	Signal from fuse 1	Yes	Yes	Yes	Fuse 1	F1		0x2000, bit 14. Off = 0, On = 1.
Fuse 2	Signal from fuse 2	Yes	Yes	Yes	Fuse 2	F2		0x20F4, bit 0. Off = 0, On = 1.
Fuse 3	Signal from fuse 3	Yes	Yes	Yes	Fuse 3	F3		0x20F4, bit 1. Off = 0, On = 1.
Inhibit charging	Command to open the charging contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Inhibit charg.	ICH		0x2000, bit 3. Off = 0, On = 1.
Inhibit discharging	Command to open the discharging contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Inhibit disch.	IDC		0x2000, bit 4. Off = 0, On = 1.
Insulation status	Signal from an insulation monitoring device	Yes	Yes	Yes	Insul. status	INS		0x2000, bit 7. Off = 0, On = 1.
Interlock	Signal from the interlock loop	Yes	Yes	Yes	Interlock	INT		0x2000, bit 14. Off = 0, On = 1.
Main contactor feedback	Signal from the main contactor feedback loop	Yes*	Yes	Yes	Main cont. feed.	MCF		0x2000, bit 13. Off = 0, On = 1.
PCH contactor feedback	Signal from the precharging contactor feedback loop	Yes*	Yes	Yes	PCH cont. feed.	PCF		0x2000, bit 11. Off = 0, On = 1.
Power up/down request	Request to power down the device	Yes	Yes	Yes	Power down req.	PDN		0x2000, bit 2. Off = 0, On = 1.
Precharge request	Request to close the precharging contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Precharge req.	PRE		0x2000, bit 9. Off = 0, On = 1.

* Contactor feedback signals in BMS Mini / BMS Mini S are connected to X1 header and configured in "Signals → MOSFETs → Contactors feedback" section.

Internal signals

Below is the list of internal BMS signals. Most signals can be assigned to discrete outputs and/or relays.

Name	Description	Compability			BMS Display		CANopen SDO	Modbus
Name	Description	Mini S / Mini	Main 2.1	Main 3	Short name	Abbr.	CANopen SDO	Modbus
Allow charging	Command for a charger to start charging	Yes	Yes	Yes	Allow charging	ACH		0x2009-0x200A, bit 3. Off = 0, On = 1.
Balancing 1	Command to balance the first series of cells		Yes	Yes	Balancing 1	BA1		0x2009-0x200A, bit 15. Off = 0, On = 1.
Balancing 2	Command to balance the second series of cells		Yes	Yes	Balancing 2	BA2		0x2009-0x200A, bit 16. Off = 0, On = 1.
Cell analysis	Signal indicating cell analysis process	Yes*	Yes*	Yes*	Cell analysis	CEA		0x2009-0x200A, bit 14. Off = 0, On = 1.
Charging current present	Signal showing the presence of the charging current	Yes	Yes*	Yes	CH curr. present	CCP		0x2009-0x200A, bit 4. Off = 0, On = 1.
Charging	Command to control the charging contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Charging	CH		0x2009-0x200A, bit 2. Open = 0, Closed = 1.
Charging/Discharging	Command to control the charging/discharging contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Charg./Discharg.	C/D		0x2009-0x200A, bit 22. Open = 0, Closed = 1.
Cooler	Command to control the cooler	Yes	Yes	Yes	Cooler	COO		0x2009-0x200A, bit 9. Off = 0, On = 1.
Crown EWS		Yes*	Yes*	Yes*	Crown EWS	EWS		0x2009-0x200A, bit 19. Off = 0, On = 1.
Discharging (AUX)	Command to control the auxiliary discharging contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Disch. AUX	AUX		0x2009-0x200A, bit 17. Open = 0, Closed = 1.
Discharging current present	Signal showing the presence of the discharging current	Yes	Yes*	Yes	DCH cur. present	DCP		0x2009-0x200A, bit 6. Off = 0, On = 1.
Discharging	Command to control the discharging contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Discharging	DCH		0x2009-0x200A, bit 5. Open = 0, Closed = 1.
External 1	Command to control an external scheme	Yes	Yes	Yes	External 1	EX1		0x2009-0x200A, bit 26. Off = 0, On = 1.
Heater (AUX)	Command to control the auxiliary heater		Yes		Heater (AUX)	HAU		0x2009-0x200A, bit 27. Off = 0, On = 1.
Heater	Command to control the heater	Yes	Yes	Yes	Heater	HEA		0x2009-0x200A, bit 8. Off = 0, On = 1.
High charging current	Signal indicating that the charging current is high	Yes	Yes	Yes	High ch. curr.	HCC		0x2009-0x200A, bit 1. Off = 0, On = 1.
Init	Signal showing that the device is in the initialization phase	Yes*	Yes*	Yes*	Init	INI		0x2009-0x200A, bit 11. Off = 0, On = 1.
Low SOC	Signal indicatiing that the battery has low SOC	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low SOC	LOS		0x2009-0x200A, bit 0. Off = 0, On = 1.
Main contactor	Command to control the main contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Main contactor	MCO		0x2009-0x200A, bit 20. Open = 0, Closed = 1.
Power down ACK	Command that acknowledges the BMS power down. Acknowledgement is outputted when the charge and discharge contactors have been opened on the power down request	Yes	Yes	Yes	Power down ACK	PDA		0x2009-0x200A, bit 18. Off = 0, On = 1.
Power up	Signal indicating the BMS power status	Yes	Yes	Yes	Power up	PUP		0x2009-0x200A, bit 25. Off = 0, On = 1.
Precharging	Command to control the precharging contactor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Precharging	PCH		0x2009-0x200A, bit 12. Open = 0, Closed = 1.
Ready to charge	Signal showing that the battery is ready for charging	Yes	Yes	Yes	Ready to charge	RTC		0x2009-0x200A, bit 23. Off = 0, On = 1.
Ready to discharge	Signal showing that the battery is ready for discharging	Yes	Yes	Yes	Ready to disch.	RTD		0x2009-0x200A, bit 24. Off = 0, On = 1.
Service reset	Command to restart the device	Yes*	Yes*	Yes*	Service reset	SR		0x2009-0x200A, bit 21. Off = 0, On = 1.
Shutdown request (Combilift)	Command to open the dischrging contactor from the Combilift truck	Yes*	Yes*	Yes*	Combilift shutd.	CSH		0x2009-0x200A, bit 13. Off = 0, On = 1.
Shutdown request (HYG/Spirit)	Command to open the dischrging contactor from the HYG truck	Yes*	Yes*	Yes*	HYG shutdown	HSH		0x2009-0x200A, bit 10. Off = 0, On = 1.
Voltage too high for charging	Signal indicating that the battery is fully charged	Yes*	Yes*	Yes*	Volt. too high	VTH		0x2009-0x200A, bit 7. Off = 0, On = 1.

* Cannot be assigned to discrete outputs and relays.

Errors

Name	Description	Is a critical error?	Mini S / Mini	Main 2.1	Main 3	Short name	Abbr.	CANopen SDO	Modbus
Name	Description	Is a critical error?	Compability			BMS Display		CANopen SDO	Modbus
ADC error	Error of the ADC that measures the battery current	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	ADC error	ADC		0x2007-0x2008, bit 19. Off = 0, On = 1.
Battery cover error	Battery cover is open	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Battery cover	BCE		0x2007-0x2008, bit 5. Off = 0, On = 1.
Cell count error	Number of cells does not match the specified value	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Cell count	CEL		0x2007-0x2008, bit 12. Off = 0, On = 1.
CH contactor cycles error	Switching frequency of the charging contactor is too high		Yes	Yes	Yes	CH cont. cycle	CCC		0x2007-0x2008, bit 21. Off = 0, On = 1.
CH contactor feedback error	The control signal for the charging contactor and the contactor feedback differ	Yes		Yes	Yes	CH cont. feed.	CCF
CH/DCH contactor feedback error	The control signal for the charging/discharging contactor and the contactor feedback differ	Yes		Yes	Yes	C/D cont. feed.	CDF
Combilift offline	Connection with the Combilift forklift is lost		Yes	Yes	Yes	Combilift offl.	COM		0x2007-0x2008, bit 15. Off = 0, On = 1.
Contactor feedback error	Failure of one of the contactors feedback signal. Which contactor is failed can be found in "Signals -> MOSFETs -> Contactor feedback" section of the BMS Mini device		Yes			Cont. feed. er.	CFE
Critical error	Critical system error, the BMS is damaged		Yes	Yes	Yes	Critical error	CER		0x2007-0x2008, bit 10. Off = 0, On = 1.
Crown error	Connection with the Crown forklift is lost		Yes	Yes	Yes	Crown error	CRO		0x2007-0x2008, bit 11. Off = 0, On = 1.
Current limit error	Charging or discharging current is more than the limit calculated by Charge map or Discharge map		Yes		Yes	Cur. limit error	CLE
Current sensor error	Error in the current sensor circuit	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Current sensor	CSE		0x2007-0x2008, bit 20. Off = 0, On = 1.
DCH contactor cycles error	Switching frequency of the discharging contactor is too high		Yes	Yes	Yes	DCH cont. cycle	DCC		0x2007-0x2008, bit 22. Off = 0, On = 1.
DCH contactor feedback error	The control signal for the discharging contactor and the contactor feedback differ	Yes		Yes	Yes	DCH cont. feed.	DCF
FS error	SD card read/write error		Yes	Yes	Yes	FS error	FSE
General error	Special configurable error depending on other errors		Yes*	Yes*	Yes*	General error	GE
High contactor temperature	Temperature of a contactor is too high		Yes	Yes	Yes	Hi. cont. temp.	HCT		0x2007-0x2008, bit 17. Off = 0, On = 1.
High humidity	Increased humidity inside the battery			Yes	Yes	High humidity	HHU		0x2007-0x2008, bit 6. Off = 0, On = 1.
High Logic temperature	At least one of the Logic devices is overheated			Yes	Yes	Hi. Logic temp.	HLT		0x2007-0x2008, bit 8. Off = 0, On = 1.
High temperature (CH)	Temperature is too high for charging		Yes	Yes	Yes	High temp. CH	HTC
High temperature (DCH)	Temperature is too high for discharging		Yes	Yes	Yes	High temp. DCH	HTD		0x2007-0x2008, bit 4. Off = 0, On = 1.
High voltage fault	Failure of high voltage measuring circuits	Yes			Yes	HV fault	HVF
HVIL error	Breakage of high-voltage interlock current loop	Yes			Yes	HVIL error	HE
HYG offline	Connection with the HYG forklift is lost		Yes	Yes	Yes	HYG offline	HYG		0x2007-0x2008, bit 13. Off = 0, On = 1.
Insulation fault	Insulation resistance is too low	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Insulation fault	INF
Logic count error	The number of BMS Logic devices differs from the required value			Yes	Yes	Logic count	LOG		0x2007-0x2008, bit 18. Off = 0, On = 1.
Logic offline (Cell monitor offline)	BMS Main devices: at least one of the Logic devices is offline. BMS Mini devices: connection with cell monitor is lost.	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Logic offline	LOF		0x2007-0x2008, bit 9. Off = 0, On = 1.
Low temperature (CH)	Temperature is too low for charging;		Yes	Yes	Yes	Low temp. CH	LTC
Low temperature (DCH)	Temperature is too low for discharging;		Yes	Yes	Yes	Low temp. DCH	LTD		0x2007-0x2008, bit 3. Off = 0, On = 1.
Main contactor feedback error	The control signal for the main contactor and the contactor feedback differ	Yes		Yes	Yes	Main cont. feed.	MCF
Mount error	SD card cannot be mounted		Yes	Yes	Yes	Mount error	MNT
Need acknowledge	There is an unacknowledged error in error journal		Yes	Yes	Yes	Need ACK	ACK		0x2007-0x2008, bit 14. Off = 0, On = 1.
No temperature sensors	The device has no temperature sensors connected	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No temp. sens.	NTS
Overcurrent	The battery current is too high		Yes	Yes	Yes	Overcurrent	OC		0x2007-0x2008, bit 0. Off = 0, On = 1.
Overvoltage	Voltage of any cell is too high		Yes	Yes	Yes	Overvoltage	OV		0x2007-0x2008, bit 2. Off = 0, On = 1.
PCH contactor feedback error	The control signal for the precharging contactor and the contactor feedback differ	Yes		Yes	Yes	PCH cont. feed.	PCF
Power fault	External devices power supply error: current sensors, HVIL, BMS Logic or CAN2 (int) bus powered devices	Yes			Yes	Power fault	PF
Power switch error	Short circuit in contactor coil control circuit or power switch overheating	Yes			Yes	PSW error	PSE
Precharge error	Capacitive load pre-charge process did not end during the estimated time		Yes	Yes	Yes	Precharge error	PE
Settings error	Wrong checksum of the device settings			Yes		Settings err.	SET		0x2007-0x2008, bit 17. Off = 0, On = 1.
Short circuit	Flowing high battery currents during a long time		Yes	Yes	Yes	Short circuit	SHC		0x2007-0x2008, bit 16. Off = 0, On = 1.
Shunt error	Internal error of the shunt current sensor	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Shunt error	SHE		0x2007-0x2008, bit 24. Off = 0, On = 1.
Shunt offline	Connection with the shunt current sensor is lost	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Shunt offline	SHO		0x2007-0x2008, bit 23. Off = 0, On = 1.
Spirit offline	Connection with the Spirit forklift is lost		Yes	Yes	Yes	Spirit offline	SPI
Stuck contactor	Some contactor got stuck	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Stuck contactor	STC
Temperature sensor is shorted	Some temperature sensors are shorted	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Shorted temp.	TSS
Unallowable charging	Charging the battery through the discharging contactor		Yes	Yes	Yes	Unallowable CH	UCH
Undervoltage	Voltage of any cell is too low		Yes	Yes	Yes	Undervoltage	UV		0x2007-0x2008, bit 1. Off = 0, On = 1.
Water	There is water in the battery enclosure	Yes		Yes	Yes	Water	WHU		0x2007-0x2008, bit 7. Off = 0, On = 1.
WDT reset	Watchdog timer reset the device	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	WDT reset	WDT

* The signal can be assigned to discrete outputs and relays.